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<p>Specific heat values for molten salts are essential for thermal–hydraulic analysis, reactor physics calculations, and thermochemical modeling of molten salt reactors. However, achieving reduced measurement uncertainty requires rigorous control of experimental conditions, high-precision calorimetric instrumentation, and a maximized sample-to-crucible mass ratio. This study presents a procedure for high-accuracy measurement of the specific heat (<i>c</i><sub><i>P</i></sub>) of air-sensitive molten salts using a Calvet-type DSC with a small temperature step method and custom laser-welded lightweight hermetic nickel crucibles. Instrument reproducibility of 1.54&#xa0;% (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>k</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 2) was achieved and validated through independent triplicate measurements of a NIST SRM720 sapphire standard. Using this methodology, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({c}_{P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of molten 46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42KF mol&#xa0;% (FLiNaK) and 58NaCl-42MgCl<sub>2</sub> mol&#xa0;% (NaCl–MgCl<sub>2</sub>) eutectics was determined with expanded uncertainties (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>k</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 2) of 1.74&#xa0;% and 1.93&#xa0;%, respectively, for high-purity samples, incorporating regression contributions. These results confirm previously reported positive excess heat capacities in both eutectics, with an improved description of the temperature dependence. The measured data provide reference values for the Molten Salt Database—Thermochemical, and the protocol is readily transferable to other molten salts, including actinide-bearing fuel salts.</p>

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Methodology for Highly Accurate Specific Heat Measurements for Molten Salts: Examples for FLiNaK and NaCl–MgCl2

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Juliano Schorne-Pinto,
  • Aiswarya Padinhare Manissery,
  • Ronald E. Booth,
  • Annabelle C. Husek,
  • Zachary Gardiner,
  • Jorge Paz Soldan Palma,
  • Jacob A. Yingling,
  • Theodore M. Besmann

摘要

Specific heat values for molten salts are essential for thermal–hydraulic analysis, reactor physics calculations, and thermochemical modeling of molten salt reactors. However, achieving reduced measurement uncertainty requires rigorous control of experimental conditions, high-precision calorimetric instrumentation, and a maximized sample-to-crucible mass ratio. This study presents a procedure for high-accuracy measurement of the specific heat (cP) of air-sensitive molten salts using a Calvet-type DSC with a small temperature step method and custom laser-welded lightweight hermetic nickel crucibles. Instrument reproducibility of 1.54 % ( \(k\) k = 2) was achieved and validated through independent triplicate measurements of a NIST SRM720 sapphire standard. Using this methodology, the \({c}_{P}\) c P of molten 46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42KF mol % (FLiNaK) and 58NaCl-42MgCl2 mol % (NaCl–MgCl2) eutectics was determined with expanded uncertainties ( \(k\) k = 2) of 1.74 % and 1.93 %, respectively, for high-purity samples, incorporating regression contributions. These results confirm previously reported positive excess heat capacities in both eutectics, with an improved description of the temperature dependence. The measured data provide reference values for the Molten Salt Database—Thermochemical, and the protocol is readily transferable to other molten salts, including actinide-bearing fuel salts.