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<p>Hydrophobic wax is commonly used to enhance the dimensional stability of wood; however, its influence on the thermal and combustion behavior of wood under controlled heat flux conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the ignition, mass-loss characteristics, and carbonization behavior of pine wood pressure impregnated with paraffin and polyethylene (PE) waxes using a mass loss calorimeter at 50&#xa0;kW·m<sup>−2</sup>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine wax penetration and structural degradation before and after combustion. PE wax-treated specimens exhibited the longest time to ignition and the lowest mass loss, indicating superior thermal stability compared to untreated and paraffin wax-treated wood. Wax-filled lumens burned off prior to cell wall degradation, allowing the wood matrix to retain its structural morphology during combustion. Surface cracking and carbonization depth were significantly reduced in wax-treated specimens, particularly those treated with PE wax. These findings demonstrate that wax modification can delay thermal decomposition and improve combustion resistance, suggesting the potential of wax-treated timber as a bio-based material with improved combustion resistance for sustainable building applications.</p>

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Thermal Analysis of Combustion and Carbonization of Wax-Treated Pine Wood for Sustainable Building Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Jongshin Lee,
  • Su-Gwang Jeong,
  • Jaehee Jung,
  • Jeonghun Lee

摘要

Hydrophobic wax is commonly used to enhance the dimensional stability of wood; however, its influence on the thermal and combustion behavior of wood under controlled heat flux conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the ignition, mass-loss characteristics, and carbonization behavior of pine wood pressure impregnated with paraffin and polyethylene (PE) waxes using a mass loss calorimeter at 50 kW·m−2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine wax penetration and structural degradation before and after combustion. PE wax-treated specimens exhibited the longest time to ignition and the lowest mass loss, indicating superior thermal stability compared to untreated and paraffin wax-treated wood. Wax-filled lumens burned off prior to cell wall degradation, allowing the wood matrix to retain its structural morphology during combustion. Surface cracking and carbonization depth were significantly reduced in wax-treated specimens, particularly those treated with PE wax. These findings demonstrate that wax modification can delay thermal decomposition and improve combustion resistance, suggesting the potential of wax-treated timber as a bio-based material with improved combustion resistance for sustainable building applications.