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<p>Molten salts play a key role in the development of advanced energy technologies, including molten salt reactors (MSRs). However, many of the chemical properties of multi-component salt systems relevant to MSRs, such as vapor pressure, remain insufficiently characterized. As a crucial first step toward studying the vapor pressure of multi-component salt systems, this work provides a critical review of vapor pressure measurements over the solid and liquid phases of pure lanthanide and actinide chlorides. This paper demonstrates appropriate nonlinear data regression methods and identifies areas for future research. Based on this review, and where reliable data are available, new vapor pressure correlations and their parameters were regressed using thoroughly vetted data to provide more reliable vapor pressure predictions for pure lanthanide and actinide chlorides as a function of temperature. Further, the analysis includes robust uncertainty quantification through both a thermodynamic analysis (where data permits) and a robust nonlinear statistical analysis that incorporates confidence bands and joint parameter confidence regions.</p>

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Unified Vapor Pressure Correlations for Lanthanide and Actinide Chlorides: An In-depth Statistical and Thermodynamic Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • J. Marvin Torrie,
  • Nicolas Christensen,
  • Kyle Duke,
  • Carlos Mejia,
  • Larry Baxter,
  • Devin Rappleye

摘要

Molten salts play a key role in the development of advanced energy technologies, including molten salt reactors (MSRs). However, many of the chemical properties of multi-component salt systems relevant to MSRs, such as vapor pressure, remain insufficiently characterized. As a crucial first step toward studying the vapor pressure of multi-component salt systems, this work provides a critical review of vapor pressure measurements over the solid and liquid phases of pure lanthanide and actinide chlorides. This paper demonstrates appropriate nonlinear data regression methods and identifies areas for future research. Based on this review, and where reliable data are available, new vapor pressure correlations and their parameters were regressed using thoroughly vetted data to provide more reliable vapor pressure predictions for pure lanthanide and actinide chlorides as a function of temperature. Further, the analysis includes robust uncertainty quantification through both a thermodynamic analysis (where data permits) and a robust nonlinear statistical analysis that incorporates confidence bands and joint parameter confidence regions.