<p>For long-term sustainability, governments and industries worldwide are actively implementing innovative strategies to meet the growing energy demands across the globe simultaneously mitigating environmental impact. Effective energy storage offers a viable solution for supporting renewable resources and addressing the rising energy needs. The thermal storage capabilities of phase change materials (PCMs) for temperature regulation have garnered considerable attention from researchers. Yet, the practical use of PCMs is hindered by their poor thermal conductivity and leakage issue. Addressing this limitation through innovative enhancement methods can substantially improve heat transfer rates and overall system performance. This review article begins with a comprehensive examination and effect of the thermophysical properties of various PCMs. The different methods of heat transfer enhancement techniques of PCMs are explored broadly highlighting the importance of nano-enhanced PCMs (NePCMs) and shape-stabilized PCMs. This review aims to explore the current state of research and discuss future trends by offering readers valuable insights into Artificial Intelligence regarding the fundamental aspects of PCM heat transfer and applications. Finally, enhancing the properties of PCMs has a direct influence on temperature regulation and energy storage, thus promoting sustainable energy use. This review thoughtfully integrates both foundational concepts and practical applications, making it an excellent starting point for newcomers while also providing seasoned experts with a current and critical overview of the field.</p>