<p>Conflicts between humans and primates, particularly due to crop foraging, are widespread across Africa and Asia and pose major challenges to conservation and rural livelihoods. Japanese macaques (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) are a well-documented example, causing serious agricultural losses in Japan. We evaluated the effectiveness of management strategies in Kamikawa Town, Hyogo Prefecture, over a 6-year period (April 2018–March 2023). We fitted four macaque groups with GPS collars, and shared their location in real time with monkey patrol teams (community-based groups of local residents organized at the village level) and with other residents. We examined two countermeasures: (1) GPS-based patrols that enabled residents to repel macaques from farmland, and (2) selective capture of problem individuals that frequently entered crop fields. Hyogo Prefecture also conducted annual questionnaire surveys in all 66 local communities (100% response rate), which we analyzed together with patrol diaries and official reports of crop losses. We assessed effectiveness by comparing two phases: Period I (2018–2020, VHF-based monitoring) and Period II (2021–2023, GPS-based management). The frequency of fixes in which macaques were near farmland declined from 58.4% in Period I to 27.8% in Period II, based on GPS data and patrol records. Reported agricultural damage decreased steadily, with no crop losses recorded in 2023. Questionnaire results showed that severe damage was reported by 19 of 66 respondents (29%) in Period I and 10 of 66 (15%) in Period II. These results show that integrating GPS-based monitoring, selective capture, and community participation effectively reduces crop damage and offer a practical model for human–macaque coexistence.</p>