<p>Conflict mitigation strategies reduce losses caused by wildlife crop depredations, yet farmers often choose to use techniques that are not very effective or not to use strategies at all. We conducted a study in Himachal Pradesh in northern India to understand what factors drive farmers to adopt certain mitigation strategies against crop-foraging rhesus macaques. We employed an action-research approach and tested the effectiveness of four physical deterrents, two chemical repellents, three acoustic repellents, and two psychological techniques in preventing monkeys from entering crop fields. We conducted the deterrent trials on farm plots that farmers had temporarily abandoned due to primate crop-foraging. The number of available plots and their location restricted our ability to conduct replicate deterrent trials. We also interviewed 70 farmers before and after the deterrent trials to understand their willingness to try nonlethal techniques to deter crop-foraging monkeys. Simple fences using locally available materials successfully reduced primate depredations, and farmers agreed to adopt these techniques. However, a stated willingness to adopt new strategies may not translate to actual implementation, because farmers’ use of mitigation strategies is a complex behavior influenced by various factors. Also, the lack of trial replication affected our ability to confirm our results. Determining whether researchers can apply our findings to a wider population requires additional research. Addressing changes in human behavior and attitudes toward mitigation strategies is critical for implementing regionally effective nonlethal mitigation strategies.</p>