Scholarlink

<p>Heavy tropical rainfall severely degrades millimeter-wave satellite communications (SatCom), particularly for frequencies above 10&#xa0;GHz used by modern high-throughput satellites, GEO-satellites and non-GEO satellites. Existing rain attenuation prediction models, such as ITU-R P.618, are primarily derived from temperate-region data and often underperform in tropical environments. This paper proposes an enhanced frequency scaling model for rain attenuation prediction, capable of estimating fade margins without reliance on local rainfall rate measurements. The model was empirically developed using Ku- and Ka-band beacon data from Cyberjaya, Malaysia, and subsequently validated using independent datasets from different years in both Cyberjaya and Rawang, Malaysia. Results show significant performance improvements, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.8&#xa0;dB and an average percentage error of 11.3%, representing an 80–90% improvement over ITU-R frequency scaling methods. Formal mathematical algorithm of the model is provided for direct implementation in satellite link budget and fade mitigation planning. The model enables precise fade margin estimation, improving the resilience of tropical millimeter-wave SatCom links and supporting future 5G and broadband applications. By ensuring consistent Quality of Service (QoS) during heavy precipitation, the new model facilitates robust and cost-effective satellite connectivity in tropical climates.</p>

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An Enhanced Frequency Scaling Model for Millimeter-Wave Rain Attenuation in Tropical Satellite Links

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Nur Hanis Sabrina Suhaimi,
  • Ahmad Fadzil Ismail,
  • Khairayu Badron,
  • Md Rafiqul Islam,
  • Mohammad Kamrul Hasan

摘要

Heavy tropical rainfall severely degrades millimeter-wave satellite communications (SatCom), particularly for frequencies above 10 GHz used by modern high-throughput satellites, GEO-satellites and non-GEO satellites. Existing rain attenuation prediction models, such as ITU-R P.618, are primarily derived from temperate-region data and often underperform in tropical environments. This paper proposes an enhanced frequency scaling model for rain attenuation prediction, capable of estimating fade margins without reliance on local rainfall rate measurements. The model was empirically developed using Ku- and Ka-band beacon data from Cyberjaya, Malaysia, and subsequently validated using independent datasets from different years in both Cyberjaya and Rawang, Malaysia. Results show significant performance improvements, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.8 dB and an average percentage error of 11.3%, representing an 80–90% improvement over ITU-R frequency scaling methods. Formal mathematical algorithm of the model is provided for direct implementation in satellite link budget and fade mitigation planning. The model enables precise fade margin estimation, improving the resilience of tropical millimeter-wave SatCom links and supporting future 5G and broadband applications. By ensuring consistent Quality of Service (QoS) during heavy precipitation, the new model facilitates robust and cost-effective satellite connectivity in tropical climates.