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<p>In this paper, a comparison is presented between a compact Sierpinski fractal antenna and its derivative that incorporates a fractal defected ground structure (DGS). Both antennas are designed with several notch bands to enable efficient operation throughout crucial frequency ranges and are constructed on a 54.5&#xa0;mm × 54.5&#xa0;mm Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. Operational bandwidths spanning 1.65&#xa0;GHz, 1.53&#xa0;GHz, 1.46&#xa0;GHz, 1.5&#xa0;GHz, 6.74&#xa0;GHz, and 5.48&#xa0;GHz are achieved by the developed structures and are pertinent to 5G NR applications. For Array 3 and DGS 1, peak return loss values of 49&#xa0;dB and 29.4&#xa0;dB are&#xa0;observed at resonance frequencies of 22.01&#xa0;GHz and 33&#xa0;GHz, respectively. Phi = 0°, 90°, and Theta = 90° are the three primary planes where the radiation properties show excellent efficiency and pattern stability. The proposed antenna designs perform well in the 20–40&#xa0;GHz range, including millimeter-wave NR-5G bands such as n257, n258, n260, and n261, and are well compatible with terrestrial radio navigation systems. The proposed designs are highly appealing for high-speed data transfer, radar telemetry, UWB sensing, and next-generation 5G communication, thanks to their compactness, wideband performance, and high efficiency, with excellent agreement with experimental data obtained using CST Studio Suite.</p>

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Design and Implementation of Hybrid Fed Array Antennae for 5G mm-Wave Communication and Wireless Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Nabankita Majumder,
  • Arun Raj,
  • Durbadal Mandal

摘要

In this paper, a comparison is presented between a compact Sierpinski fractal antenna and its derivative that incorporates a fractal defected ground structure (DGS). Both antennas are designed with several notch bands to enable efficient operation throughout crucial frequency ranges and are constructed on a 54.5 mm × 54.5 mm Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. Operational bandwidths spanning 1.65 GHz, 1.53 GHz, 1.46 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 6.74 GHz, and 5.48 GHz are achieved by the developed structures and are pertinent to 5G NR applications. For Array 3 and DGS 1, peak return loss values of 49 dB and 29.4 dB are observed at resonance frequencies of 22.01 GHz and 33 GHz, respectively. Phi = 0°, 90°, and Theta = 90° are the three primary planes where the radiation properties show excellent efficiency and pattern stability. The proposed antenna designs perform well in the 20–40 GHz range, including millimeter-wave NR-5G bands such as n257, n258, n260, and n261, and are well compatible with terrestrial radio navigation systems. The proposed designs are highly appealing for high-speed data transfer, radar telemetry, UWB sensing, and next-generation 5G communication, thanks to their compactness, wideband performance, and high efficiency, with excellent agreement with experimental data obtained using CST Studio Suite.