Faience as Archaeological Evidence for Non-Observance in Portuguese Convents: Seventeenth to Mid-Eighteenth Centuries
摘要
This article explores nonobservance in Portuguese convents from the seventeenth to the mid-eighteenth centuries by integrating documentary narratives with archaeological remains. Faience analysis reveals the persistence of aristocratic identities within convents and amorous relationships between secular men and nuns, challenging ecclesiastical morality and discipline during a period of weakened episcopal control. However, archaeology also demonstrates how faience was utilized in conventual reform, promoting humility and cohesion after 1671. The study highlights the invaluable role of material culture for a more comprehensive understanding of conventual history.