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<p>The accumulation of non-biodegradable glass and plastic waste poses serious environmental challenges globally. Incorporating these materials into concrete as partial aggregate replacements offers a sustainable waste-to-resource pathway. However, direct comparative studies evaluating the distinct effects of glass versus plastic under identical mix designs remain scarce. This study investigated M30 grade OPC concrete with fine aggregates replaced by recycled glass or plastic at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Workability was measured using slump cone tests. Compressive strength was evaluated at 28 days on 150&#xa0;mm cubes (six specimens per mix) in accordance with IS standards. Particle morphology was quantified using image analysis (aspect ratio, roundness, solidity). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test, and linear regression. Plastic replacement caused a progressive decline in slump from 79&#xa0;mm to 58&#xa0;mm (26.6% reduction) and compressive strength from 31.0&#xa0;MPa to 28.7&#xa0;MPa (7.4% reduction) at 20% replacement. In contrast, glass replacement maintained workability (slump reduction of only 4.8%, from 75.3&#xa0;mm to 71.7&#xa0;mm) and increased compressive strength from 31.3&#xa0;MPa to 36.1&#xa0;MPa (15.3% increase) at 20% replacement. ANOVA confirmed that glass replacements ≥ 10% produced significantly higher strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while plastic replacements ≥ 15% produced significantly lower strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Quantitative morphology revealed that glass particles were angular (aspect ratio 1.81) and had low solidity (0.89), promoting mechanical interlocking. Plastic particles were smooth (aspect ratio 1.23) and had high solidity (0.97), leading to interfacial debonding. Glass waste is a high-performance, sustainable aggregate that provides simultaneous environmental and mechanical benefits, with an optimal replacement rate of 15–20%. Plastic waste is feasible up to 20% for non-structural applications, but requires acceptance of strength and workability trade-offs. Predictive regression models (R² = 0.928 for plastic and R² = 0.961 for glass) are provided for the mix design. The study includes practical recommendations for field implementation, batching adjustments, and quality control protocols.</p>

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Optimizing concrete properties through the integration of recycled glass and plastic

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • J. Nagendra,
  • Akila Venkatraman,
  • Kishor S. Rambhad,
  • Abhishek Kaushik,
  • Din Bandhu,
  • Abhishek Saxena

摘要

The accumulation of non-biodegradable glass and plastic waste poses serious environmental challenges globally. Incorporating these materials into concrete as partial aggregate replacements offers a sustainable waste-to-resource pathway. However, direct comparative studies evaluating the distinct effects of glass versus plastic under identical mix designs remain scarce. This study investigated M30 grade OPC concrete with fine aggregates replaced by recycled glass or plastic at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Workability was measured using slump cone tests. Compressive strength was evaluated at 28 days on 150 mm cubes (six specimens per mix) in accordance with IS standards. Particle morphology was quantified using image analysis (aspect ratio, roundness, solidity). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test, and linear regression. Plastic replacement caused a progressive decline in slump from 79 mm to 58 mm (26.6% reduction) and compressive strength from 31.0 MPa to 28.7 MPa (7.4% reduction) at 20% replacement. In contrast, glass replacement maintained workability (slump reduction of only 4.8%, from 75.3 mm to 71.7 mm) and increased compressive strength from 31.3 MPa to 36.1 MPa (15.3% increase) at 20% replacement. ANOVA confirmed that glass replacements ≥ 10% produced significantly higher strength (p < 0.01), while plastic replacements ≥ 15% produced significantly lower strength (p < 0.05). Quantitative morphology revealed that glass particles were angular (aspect ratio 1.81) and had low solidity (0.89), promoting mechanical interlocking. Plastic particles were smooth (aspect ratio 1.23) and had high solidity (0.97), leading to interfacial debonding. Glass waste is a high-performance, sustainable aggregate that provides simultaneous environmental and mechanical benefits, with an optimal replacement rate of 15–20%. Plastic waste is feasible up to 20% for non-structural applications, but requires acceptance of strength and workability trade-offs. Predictive regression models (R² = 0.928 for plastic and R² = 0.961 for glass) are provided for the mix design. The study includes practical recommendations for field implementation, batching adjustments, and quality control protocols.