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<p>This short review is focused to highlight the increasing global energy crisis and severe ecological imbalance, which necessitate a rapid transition to energy-efficient technologies in the lighting industry. In this scenario, White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have emerged as the most suitable technological advancement to replace the conventional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. Traditional phosphor based WLEDs exhibit several intrinsic drawbacks, such as high correlated colour temperatures (CCTs &gt; 4500&#xa0;K), low colour rendering indices (CRIs &lt; 75) and reduced quantum yields, device efficiencies due to the incorporation of rare-earth and heavy metal dopants. To overcome these limitations and optimize chromaticity indices, all-liquid white light-emitting materials (WLEMs) have recently gained significant scientific interest as versatile and highly tunable alternatives to conventional solid-state phosphor-based systems. There are several photophysical and chemical strategies for generation of white light in liquid phase, but optimizing specific photophysical interactions has proven to be highly effective. In this context, the present review mainly focuses on the fabrications and applications of all-liquid WLEMs driven by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms.</p>

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Fabrication of all-liquid white light emitting material: a spectroscopic approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Sk Firoj Haque,
  • Joydeep Chowdhury

摘要

This short review is focused to highlight the increasing global energy crisis and severe ecological imbalance, which necessitate a rapid transition to energy-efficient technologies in the lighting industry. In this scenario, White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have emerged as the most suitable technological advancement to replace the conventional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. Traditional phosphor based WLEDs exhibit several intrinsic drawbacks, such as high correlated colour temperatures (CCTs > 4500 K), low colour rendering indices (CRIs < 75) and reduced quantum yields, device efficiencies due to the incorporation of rare-earth and heavy metal dopants. To overcome these limitations and optimize chromaticity indices, all-liquid white light-emitting materials (WLEMs) have recently gained significant scientific interest as versatile and highly tunable alternatives to conventional solid-state phosphor-based systems. There are several photophysical and chemical strategies for generation of white light in liquid phase, but optimizing specific photophysical interactions has proven to be highly effective. In this context, the present review mainly focuses on the fabrications and applications of all-liquid WLEMs driven by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms.