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<p>Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites demonstrate favorable energy storage characteristics, including adjustable porosity, superior conductivity, chemical stability, and remarkable charge storing capacity. Nonetheless, the intrinsic rigidity of rGO constrains its application in contemporary disposable and flexible energy storage systems. This paper details manufacture of flexible composites based on reduced graphene oxide and iron sulfide, utilizing natural fibers derived from discarded bioresources, specifically pineapple leaf fiber, as a binder. The novelty of this work lies in the sustainable utilization of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) as a bio-binder combined with microwave-assisted rapid synthesis and electrodeposition-controlled tuning of Fe₃S₄ to fabricate highly flexible and eco-friendly paper electrodes. The rGO and iron sulfide (Fe₃S₄) nanoparticles are produced by a rapid microwave-assisted method. Additionally, Fe₃S₄ nanoparticles are electrochemically coated on synthesized rGO- paper electrodes to improve energy storage and electronic conductivity properties. Highly flexible paper electrodes were analyzed using several characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined their chemical bonding and morphology. Electrochemical assessments, comprising Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge (GCD), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were conducted to analyze capacitive and kinetics characteristics of electrodes. LC/rGO/Fe₃S₄ at 2400&#xa0;s demonstrates a specific capacitance 69.79&#xa0;F/g, rGO/LC, which were 60&#xa0;F/g. The value of 69.79&#xa0;F/g was obtained in a three-electrode configuration, whereas the 39.8&#xa0;F/g value corresponds to the assembled symmetric device configuration. The synthesized tertiary composite (rGO/LC/Fe₃S₄) exhibits exceptional charge-discharge performance. The LC/rGO/Fe₃S₄ configuration has a power density 4.6&#xa0;W/kg on 12 Wh/kg a specific capacitance 39.8&#xa0;F/g over 2400&#xa0;s. The rGO/LC/Fe₃S₄ (2400&#xa0;s) electrode has superior electrochemical properties, evidenced by lower Rs (1.8 Ω) and Rct (0.3 Ω) values in comparison to the binary composite (rGO/LC). These composites offer profound understanding of the fabrication of electrodes exhibiting strong ionic and electrical conductivity for rapid energy storage systems. The electrochemical performance obtained in this study is comparable to or exceeds previously reported rGO/iron sulfide-based flexible electrodes, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed fabrication strategy.</p>

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Flexible bio-bound rGO/Fe₃S₄ composite paper electrodes for rapid energy storage: structural and electrochemical insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Senjudarvannan R.,
  • V. Shantha,
  • N. Shalom,
  • R. Masilamani,
  • Raj K. Gupta,
  • Muthurajan Subramoniam

摘要

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites demonstrate favorable energy storage characteristics, including adjustable porosity, superior conductivity, chemical stability, and remarkable charge storing capacity. Nonetheless, the intrinsic rigidity of rGO constrains its application in contemporary disposable and flexible energy storage systems. This paper details manufacture of flexible composites based on reduced graphene oxide and iron sulfide, utilizing natural fibers derived from discarded bioresources, specifically pineapple leaf fiber, as a binder. The novelty of this work lies in the sustainable utilization of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) as a bio-binder combined with microwave-assisted rapid synthesis and electrodeposition-controlled tuning of Fe₃S₄ to fabricate highly flexible and eco-friendly paper electrodes. The rGO and iron sulfide (Fe₃S₄) nanoparticles are produced by a rapid microwave-assisted method. Additionally, Fe₃S₄ nanoparticles are electrochemically coated on synthesized rGO- paper electrodes to improve energy storage and electronic conductivity properties. Highly flexible paper electrodes were analyzed using several characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined their chemical bonding and morphology. Electrochemical assessments, comprising Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge (GCD), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were conducted to analyze capacitive and kinetics characteristics of electrodes. LC/rGO/Fe₃S₄ at 2400 s demonstrates a specific capacitance 69.79 F/g, rGO/LC, which were 60 F/g. The value of 69.79 F/g was obtained in a three-electrode configuration, whereas the 39.8 F/g value corresponds to the assembled symmetric device configuration. The synthesized tertiary composite (rGO/LC/Fe₃S₄) exhibits exceptional charge-discharge performance. The LC/rGO/Fe₃S₄ configuration has a power density 4.6 W/kg on 12 Wh/kg a specific capacitance 39.8 F/g over 2400 s. The rGO/LC/Fe₃S₄ (2400 s) electrode has superior electrochemical properties, evidenced by lower Rs (1.8 Ω) and Rct (0.3 Ω) values in comparison to the binary composite (rGO/LC). These composites offer profound understanding of the fabrication of electrodes exhibiting strong ionic and electrical conductivity for rapid energy storage systems. The electrochemical performance obtained in this study is comparable to or exceeds previously reported rGO/iron sulfide-based flexible electrodes, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed fabrication strategy.