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<p>Conventional PbO₂ anodes suffer from poor adhesion, high oxygen evolution potential, and limited electrochemical stability, restricting their long-term industrial application. In this work, an Al/B₄C + 10 wt% Ti₄O₇/PbO₂–ZrO₂ composite electrode was fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying for the buffer layer followed by electrochemical deposition of PbO₂–xZrO₂ active coatings with ZrO₂ concentrations ranging from 1 to 3&#xa0;g/L. The phase structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance were evaluated using XRD, SEM, open circuit potential, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry in 1&#xa0;M H₂SO₄ solution. The electrode containing 2&#xa0;g/L ZrO₂ exhibited optimal performance with a high OCP of 1.05&#xa0;V, minimum corrosion current density of 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ A·cm⁻², polarization resistance of 560 Ω, and a reduced oxygen evolution potential of approximately 1.802&#xa0;V, indicating enhanced electrocatalytic activity and lower energy consumption. SEM analysis confirmed a dense and uniform coating morphology at this concentration, while excessive ZrO₂ addition led to particle agglomeration and degraded performance. The improved electrochemical stability and catalytic efficiency make the developed composite electrode suitable for applications in electrochemical oxidation, wastewater treatment, and hydrometallurgical processes.</p>

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High-stability PbO₂–ZrO₂ composite anodes for electrochemical oxidation and wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Jagannath Pattar,
  • Gnanasekaran Sasikumar,
  • Suresh Kumar K.,
  • Anand C.,
  • Mangayarkarasi G.,
  • Girimurugan R.,
  • Suriyaprakash L.

摘要

Conventional PbO₂ anodes suffer from poor adhesion, high oxygen evolution potential, and limited electrochemical stability, restricting their long-term industrial application. In this work, an Al/B₄C + 10 wt% Ti₄O₇/PbO₂–ZrO₂ composite electrode was fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying for the buffer layer followed by electrochemical deposition of PbO₂–xZrO₂ active coatings with ZrO₂ concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 g/L. The phase structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performance were evaluated using XRD, SEM, open circuit potential, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry in 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. The electrode containing 2 g/L ZrO₂ exhibited optimal performance with a high OCP of 1.05 V, minimum corrosion current density of 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ A·cm⁻², polarization resistance of 560 Ω, and a reduced oxygen evolution potential of approximately 1.802 V, indicating enhanced electrocatalytic activity and lower energy consumption. SEM analysis confirmed a dense and uniform coating morphology at this concentration, while excessive ZrO₂ addition led to particle agglomeration and degraded performance. The improved electrochemical stability and catalytic efficiency make the developed composite electrode suitable for applications in electrochemical oxidation, wastewater treatment, and hydrometallurgical processes.