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<p>This research endeavors to develop a rigorous and statistically verified nonlinear isotherm model for evaluating the adsorption efficacy of activated coconut leaf carbon (ACLC), a previously underutilized agricultural waste-derived adsorbent, in the context of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium adsorption data derived from batch experiments were analyzed utilizing nonlinear forms of one-parameter (Henry), two-parameter (Freundlich and Langmuir), and three-parameter (Sips and Redlich–Peterson) isotherm models. The predictive accuracy of these models was systematically assessed through the application of various statistical error functions, encompassing absolute average relative deviation (AARD), chi-squared test (χ²), correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of variation (CV). Of the models evaluated, the Freundlich isotherm demonstrated the most favorable correlation with empirical data, surpassing all other models based on the statistical metrics employed; the remaining models exhibited comparatively reduced predictive accuracy. The prevalence of the Freundlich model substantiates the heterogeneous surface adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) on ACLC. The results indicate that Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic materials (ACLC) functions as both an effective and sustainable adsorbent, while also underscoring the significance of employing nonlinear multi-parameter models for the precise elucidation of adsorption mechanisms. This study elucidates novel perspectives on the adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) onto agro-waste-derived carbons and introduces a statistically sound methodology that can inform the design and refinement of cost-effective adsorbents for advanced wastewater treatment.</p>

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Performance analysis of multi-parameter isotherm models for CR (VI) adsorption on activated coconut leaf carbon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Naveen Prasad Balakrishna Pillai Sankari,
  • Sivamani Selvaraju,
  • Saikat Banerjee,
  • Rakesh Namdeti,
  • Jayakaran Pachiappan,
  • Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty

摘要

This research endeavors to develop a rigorous and statistically verified nonlinear isotherm model for evaluating the adsorption efficacy of activated coconut leaf carbon (ACLC), a previously underutilized agricultural waste-derived adsorbent, in the context of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium adsorption data derived from batch experiments were analyzed utilizing nonlinear forms of one-parameter (Henry), two-parameter (Freundlich and Langmuir), and three-parameter (Sips and Redlich–Peterson) isotherm models. The predictive accuracy of these models was systematically assessed through the application of various statistical error functions, encompassing absolute average relative deviation (AARD), chi-squared test (χ²), correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of variation (CV). Of the models evaluated, the Freundlich isotherm demonstrated the most favorable correlation with empirical data, surpassing all other models based on the statistical metrics employed; the remaining models exhibited comparatively reduced predictive accuracy. The prevalence of the Freundlich model substantiates the heterogeneous surface adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) on ACLC. The results indicate that Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic materials (ACLC) functions as both an effective and sustainable adsorbent, while also underscoring the significance of employing nonlinear multi-parameter models for the precise elucidation of adsorption mechanisms. This study elucidates novel perspectives on the adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) onto agro-waste-derived carbons and introduces a statistically sound methodology that can inform the design and refinement of cost-effective adsorbents for advanced wastewater treatment.