MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Zn and Ni) were synthesized by solid state reaction. In order to study the structural, morphological and magnetic properties, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. In the XRD patterns, all the diffraction peaks were related to the crystallographic planes of the spinel structure. The Rietveld refinements of the XRD patterns indicate lattice parameters of 8.383 Å, 8.447 Å and 8.341 Å for MgFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4, respectively. The SEM micrographs consist of agglomerates of particles with micrometric sizes and irregular shapes. The quantitative analysis of the SEM micrographs indicates average particle diameters in the ranges 0.51–2.85 µm, 0.50–4.37 µm and 0.16–1.72 µm for MgFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4, respectively. The IR spectra consist of two main absorption bands related to the stretching vibrations of the bonds X-O (X = Mg, Fe, Zn and Ni) at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites of the spinel structure. The Mössbauer spectra of MgFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 were fitted by introducing sextets related to Fe3+ cations at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites of the spinel structure. In the case of MgFe2O4, the hyperfine parameters of the tetrahedral sextet were δ = 0.27 mm/s and B = 46.4 T, while for the octahedral sextets, the values were δ = 0.33 mm/s and magnetic hyperfine fields (B) in the range 44.0–49.7 T. In the case of NiFe2O4, the hyperfine parameters of the tetrahedral sextet were δ = 0.25 mm/s and B = 49.0 T, while for the octahedral sextet, the values were δ = 0.36 mm/s and B = 52.3 T. The Mössbauer spectrum of ZnFe2O4 was fitted by introducing one doublet with hyperfine parameters δ = 0.36 mm/s and ΔEQ = 0.34 mm/s. The hysteresis loops have S-shaped geometric forms, high saturation magnetization values and low coercive magnetic field values. NiFe2O4 and MgFe2O4 exhibit ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature, with saturation magnetization values of 55.40 emu/g and 24.47 emu/g, respectively. ZnFe2O4 predominantly exhibits paramagnetic behavior under the same conditions.

Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of MFe₂O₄ (M = Mg, Zn and Ni) synthesized by solid state reaction

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2025年4月11日

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L. F. Vargas,
H. Salazar-Tamayo,
C. A. Barrero

摘要

MFe₂O₄ (M = Mg, Zn and Ni) were synthesized by solid state reaction. In order to study the structural, morphological and magnetic properties, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. In the XRD patterns, all the diffraction peaks were related to the crystallographic planes of the spinel structure. The Rietveld refinements of the XRD patterns indicate lattice parameters of 8.383 Å, 8.447 Å and 8.341 Å for MgFe₂O₄, ZnFe₂O₄ and NiFe₂O₄, respectively. The SEM micrographs consist of agglomerates of particles with micrometric sizes and irregular shapes. The quantitative analysis of the SEM micrographs indicates average particle diameters in the ranges 0.51–2.85 µm, 0.50–4.37 µm and 0.16–1.72 µm for MgFe₂O₄, ZnFe₂O₄ and NiFe₂O₄, respectively. The IR spectra consist of two main absorption bands related to the stretching vibrations of the bonds X-O (X = Mg, Fe, Zn and Ni) at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites of the spinel structure. The Mössbauer spectra of MgFe₂O₄ and NiFe₂O₄ were fitted by introducing sextets related to Fe³⁺ cations at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites of the spinel structure. In the case of MgFe₂O₄, the hyperfine parameters of the tetrahedral sextet were δ = 0.27 mm/s and B = 46.4 T, while for the octahedral sextets, the values were δ = 0.33 mm/s and magnetic hyperfine fields (B) in the range 44.0–49.7 T. In the case of NiFe₂O₄, the hyperfine parameters of the tetrahedral sextet were δ = 0.25 mm/s and B = 49.0 T, while for the octahedral sextet, the values were δ = 0.36 mm/s and B = 52.3 T. The Mössbauer spectrum of ZnFe₂O₄ was fitted by introducing one doublet with hyperfine parameters δ = 0.36 mm/s and Δ_EQ = 0.34 mm/s. The hysteresis loops have S-shaped geometric forms, high saturation magnetization values and low coercive magnetic field values. NiFe₂O₄ and MgFe₂O₄ exhibit ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature, with saturation magnetization values of 55.40 emu/g and 24.47 emu/g, respectively. ZnFe₂O₄ predominantly exhibits paramagnetic behavior under the same conditions.

Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Zn and Ni) synthesized by solid state reaction

摘要

Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of MFe₂O₄ (M = Mg, Zn and Ni) synthesized by solid state reaction