<p>In the current context of ecological hybrid construction, the world is moving towards the use of innovative materials that are healthier and eco-compatible, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas (CO₂) emissions from commonly used building materials. In this regard, lime is an attractive alternative, known for its binding properties, durability, hygroscopicity and low carbon footprint compared to cement. However, it also presents constraints such as low mechanical strength and seismic vulnerability, which limits its use in load-bearing structural applications. To address this issue, synthetic fibres, in particular rubber fibres, have proven their effectiveness in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. In this paper, studies have shown that lime and rubber reduce the thermal conductivity of concrete by 30% and 60% respectively, thus improving its thermal insulation potential. In addition, a relationship between the size and volume of rubber particles and mechanical performance has been established: an inhomogeneous mix, resulting from a poor choice of inclusions, can reduce mechanical strength. However, with a 3% rubber fibre content, the maximum deformation increases from 1257.35 µε to 4784.9 µε, illustrating a significant increase in ductility and better absorption of seismic energy. This article aims to shed light on the lime/rubber fibre composite and gives a general overview of the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of each component, based on a qualitative analysis of recent work in this field.</p>