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<p>The spawning timing of fishes adapts and evolves with environmental conditions to maximize lifetime reproductive success and thus can be affected by climate change and artificial selection. Records indicated that Chinook (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and coho salmon (<i>O. kisutch</i>) at Issaquah Creek Hatchery, Washington, USA, spawn earlier than in the past: Chinook salmon from the third week of October in 1960 to late September-early October by 2024 and coho salmon from early December in 1942 to early November by 2024. Concurrently, Issaquah Creek has warmed approximately 1.5–2° C during the spawning months from 1970 to 2024. Warmer water would typically be associated with delayed spawning, suggesting that hatchery-induced artificial selection has overridden environmental pressures. The combination of warmer fall temperatures and earlier spawning was modeled to produce earlier hatching of embryos than in the past, though winter temperatures varied more and increased less than did fall temperatures. Accelerated development can cause mismatches with stream ecology to the detriment of salmon fry, so altered spawning timing can affect blended hatchery and naturally spawning populations.</p>

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Despite warming temperatures, hatchery origin Chinook and coho salmon spawn earlier in the fall: a multi-decade analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Thomas P. Quinn,
  • Jason Ray,
  • Michael D. Tillotson

摘要

The spawning timing of fishes adapts and evolves with environmental conditions to maximize lifetime reproductive success and thus can be affected by climate change and artificial selection. Records indicated that Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) at Issaquah Creek Hatchery, Washington, USA, spawn earlier than in the past: Chinook salmon from the third week of October in 1960 to late September-early October by 2024 and coho salmon from early December in 1942 to early November by 2024. Concurrently, Issaquah Creek has warmed approximately 1.5–2° C during the spawning months from 1970 to 2024. Warmer water would typically be associated with delayed spawning, suggesting that hatchery-induced artificial selection has overridden environmental pressures. The combination of warmer fall temperatures and earlier spawning was modeled to produce earlier hatching of embryos than in the past, though winter temperatures varied more and increased less than did fall temperatures. Accelerated development can cause mismatches with stream ecology to the detriment of salmon fry, so altered spawning timing can affect blended hatchery and naturally spawning populations.