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<p>The coastal amphipod <i>Parhyale darvishi</i> inhabits highly dynamic intertidal environments of the Persian Gulf, where organisms experience pronounced fluctuations in temperature and salinity. In shallow intertidal zones, summer surface water temperatures can episodically approach ~ 40&#xa0;°C, placing resident species near their upper thermal tolerance limits. These conditions make <i>P. darvishi</i> a suitable model for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying responses to extreme stressors. In this study, amphipods were exposed to acute thermal and salinity extremes (up to 40&#xa0;°C and 50 PSU), and the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, osmoregulation, apoptosis, energy metabolism, and protein chaperoning was quantified using qRT-PCR. Combined exposure to elevated temperature and salinity produced synergistic effects on mortality, resulting in a 36-fold and 1.9-fold increase after 24&#xa0;h compared with thermal and salinity stress alone, respectively. Thermal stress strongly upregulated heat shock and antioxidant genes (e.g., <i>hsp70</i>, <i>hsp90α</i>, <i>gpx</i>, <i>ask1</i>), while salinity stress induced moderate increases in antioxidant (<i>cat</i>, <i>gpx</i>) and osmoregulatory (<i>nka</i>) gene expression. The combined treatment elicited the strongest transcriptional responses, indicating non-additive stress effects. Overall, these results demonstrate pronounced molecular plasticity in <i>P. darvishi</i> and highlight the heightened physiological challenge posed by interacting thermal and salinity extremes under future climate change scenarios.</p>

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Molecular responses of amphipod Parhyale darvishi under thermal and salinity stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Saeideh Habibi-Motlagh,
  • Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar,
  • Arash Akbarzadeh,
  • Adnan Shahdadi

摘要

The coastal amphipod Parhyale darvishi inhabits highly dynamic intertidal environments of the Persian Gulf, where organisms experience pronounced fluctuations in temperature and salinity. In shallow intertidal zones, summer surface water temperatures can episodically approach ~ 40 °C, placing resident species near their upper thermal tolerance limits. These conditions make P. darvishi a suitable model for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying responses to extreme stressors. In this study, amphipods were exposed to acute thermal and salinity extremes (up to 40 °C and 50 PSU), and the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, osmoregulation, apoptosis, energy metabolism, and protein chaperoning was quantified using qRT-PCR. Combined exposure to elevated temperature and salinity produced synergistic effects on mortality, resulting in a 36-fold and 1.9-fold increase after 24 h compared with thermal and salinity stress alone, respectively. Thermal stress strongly upregulated heat shock and antioxidant genes (e.g., hsp70, hsp90α, gpx, ask1), while salinity stress induced moderate increases in antioxidant (cat, gpx) and osmoregulatory (nka) gene expression. The combined treatment elicited the strongest transcriptional responses, indicating non-additive stress effects. Overall, these results demonstrate pronounced molecular plasticity in P. darvishi and highlight the heightened physiological challenge posed by interacting thermal and salinity extremes under future climate change scenarios.