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<p>Sediments in freshwater systems integrate multiple environmental stressors such as fine particles, organic enrichment, and heavy metals, which strongly influence benthic macroinvertebrate communities. To examine these interactions, we analyzed 80 sites across major river basins in South Korea to assess how sediment properties affect assemblages of Annelida and Chironomidae. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and a principal component-based sediment quality index (PCSQI). Annelid assemblages were mainly associated with heavy metals and sulfidic conditions, whereas chironomid assemblages were more closely linked to substrate composition and organic matter. Permutation tests indicated that the primary CCA axis was significant for Chironomidae (<i>P</i> = 0.009) but not for Annelida (<i>P</i> = 0.58), pointing to differing gradient strengths between the two taxa. Hierarchical clustering separated assemblages into sensitive, tolerant, transitional, and wide‑range indicator types. Comparing ordination‑based sensitivity with PCSQI class distributions showed that apparent ecological tolerance inferred from multivariate gradients did not always align with field occurrence patterns, particularly for taxa weakly constrained by measured sediment variables. This supports interpretation of bioindicator responses within a framework that accounts for both gradient strength and assemblage‑specific uncertainty when assessing sediment ecological condition.</p>

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Integrating sediment quality gradients and macroinvertebrate assemblages: indicator typologies of Annelida and Chironomidae in freshwater ecosystems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Jeaha Song,
  • Chanyoung Jeong,
  • Ihn Sil Kwak,
  • Dongsoo Kong

摘要

Sediments in freshwater systems integrate multiple environmental stressors such as fine particles, organic enrichment, and heavy metals, which strongly influence benthic macroinvertebrate communities. To examine these interactions, we analyzed 80 sites across major river basins in South Korea to assess how sediment properties affect assemblages of Annelida and Chironomidae. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and a principal component-based sediment quality index (PCSQI). Annelid assemblages were mainly associated with heavy metals and sulfidic conditions, whereas chironomid assemblages were more closely linked to substrate composition and organic matter. Permutation tests indicated that the primary CCA axis was significant for Chironomidae (P = 0.009) but not for Annelida (P = 0.58), pointing to differing gradient strengths between the two taxa. Hierarchical clustering separated assemblages into sensitive, tolerant, transitional, and wide‑range indicator types. Comparing ordination‑based sensitivity with PCSQI class distributions showed that apparent ecological tolerance inferred from multivariate gradients did not always align with field occurrence patterns, particularly for taxa weakly constrained by measured sediment variables. This supports interpretation of bioindicator responses within a framework that accounts for both gradient strength and assemblage‑specific uncertainty when assessing sediment ecological condition.