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<p>Proliferation of filamentous green algae (FGA, visible free-floating or entangled mats) poses threats to shallow lake ecosystems, particularly during the vulnerable early stages of restoration. However, the importance of FGA may vary with temperature and the presence of grazers. We conducted a 30-day mesocosm experiment to elucidate the responses of FGA (<i>Spirogyra</i> sp.), epiphyton (leaf-attached), and phytoplankton to different temperatures (low ≈ 9.2°C, moderate ≈ 19.2°C, and high ≈ 29.2°C) in macrophyte-dominated lakes with or without shrimp (<i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i>) grazers. We found temperature and shrimp jointly influenced <i>Spirogyra</i>, epiphyton, and phytoplankton. <i>Spirogyra</i> biomass peaked at moderate temperature without shrimp, while minimum at high temperature with shrimp. Shrimp reduced the algal biomass biomasses at both moderate and high temperatures, with the strongest suppression at high temperature. The combined effect of warming and grazing was less than the sum of their individual effects at low‑moderate temperatures, but greater than the sum at high temperature, indicating that high temperatures amplify grazing pressure. Our results show that shrimp absence led to FGA blooms at moderate temperature but strengthened shrimp grazing efficiency at elevated temperatures, creating temperature-dependent trophic cascades. They also highlight the interactions between temperature and consumer pressure in regulating FGA blooms during early lake restoration.</p>

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Temperature mediates grazer effects on filamentous green algae proliferation: evidence from a macrophyte mesocosm experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Jian Gao,
  • Anni Dai,
  • Ming Wu,
  • Yuhui Kang,
  • Mingjun Liao,
  • Zhengwen Liu,
  • Erik Jeppesen

摘要

Proliferation of filamentous green algae (FGA, visible free-floating or entangled mats) poses threats to shallow lake ecosystems, particularly during the vulnerable early stages of restoration. However, the importance of FGA may vary with temperature and the presence of grazers. We conducted a 30-day mesocosm experiment to elucidate the responses of FGA (Spirogyra sp.), epiphyton (leaf-attached), and phytoplankton to different temperatures (low ≈ 9.2°C, moderate ≈ 19.2°C, and high ≈ 29.2°C) in macrophyte-dominated lakes with or without shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) grazers. We found temperature and shrimp jointly influenced Spirogyra, epiphyton, and phytoplankton. Spirogyra biomass peaked at moderate temperature without shrimp, while minimum at high temperature with shrimp. Shrimp reduced the algal biomass biomasses at both moderate and high temperatures, with the strongest suppression at high temperature. The combined effect of warming and grazing was less than the sum of their individual effects at low‑moderate temperatures, but greater than the sum at high temperature, indicating that high temperatures amplify grazing pressure. Our results show that shrimp absence led to FGA blooms at moderate temperature but strengthened shrimp grazing efficiency at elevated temperatures, creating temperature-dependent trophic cascades. They also highlight the interactions between temperature and consumer pressure in regulating FGA blooms during early lake restoration.