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<p>Submerged macrophytes like <i>Vallisneria spinulosa</i> S. Z. Yan play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems by stabilizing sediments, improving water quality, and providing habitat for organisms. However, their populations are declining globally due to environmental stressors like light limitation and bioturbation. This study examined how shading and bioturbation by <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> (Girard, 1852) and <i>Carassius carassius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) influence <i>V. spinulosa</i> growth and reproduction. Severe shading (50% and 75%) significantly reduced plant height, ramet production, and tuber formation, while mild shading (25%) had limited negative effects by slightly mitigated biomass loss, suggesting that moderate light reduction hardly constrains plant performance. <i>P. clarkii</i> intensified shading stress by mechanically damaging plant structures, causing substantial biomass and reproductive losses, particularly under low-light conditions. In contrast<i>, C. carassius</i> had minimal effects on plant growth and did not significantly interact with shading. While neither shading nor bioturbation strongly affected flowering phenology, <i>P. clarkii</i> tended to induce earlier flowering. These findings highlight the vulnerability of submerged macrophytes to combined light limitation and bioturbation, with invasive <i>P. clarkii</i> amplifying the negative effects of shading. Effective management strategies—including maintaining adequate light availability and controlling <i>P. clarkii</i> populations—are essential for conserving <i>V. spinulosa</i> and other submerged macrophytes under increasing anthropogenic pressures.</p>

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Bioturbation experiment reveals the negative impact of physical damage and shading on the growth of Vallisneria spinulosa S. Z. Yan, a rapidly declining submerged macrophyte in the lower Yangtze region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Min Guo,
  • Zhe Li,
  • Chengfeng Luo,
  • Shaoxia Xia,
  • Yunzhe Huang,
  • Geng Huang,
  • Chenglin Li,
  • Leiqiang Gong,
  • Zonghua Zhang,
  • Yong Mei,
  • Hao Luo,
  • Xiubo Yu,
  • Yuyu Wang

摘要

Submerged macrophytes like Vallisneria spinulosa S. Z. Yan play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems by stabilizing sediments, improving water quality, and providing habitat for organisms. However, their populations are declining globally due to environmental stressors like light limitation and bioturbation. This study examined how shading and bioturbation by Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) and Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) influence V. spinulosa growth and reproduction. Severe shading (50% and 75%) significantly reduced plant height, ramet production, and tuber formation, while mild shading (25%) had limited negative effects by slightly mitigated biomass loss, suggesting that moderate light reduction hardly constrains plant performance. P. clarkii intensified shading stress by mechanically damaging plant structures, causing substantial biomass and reproductive losses, particularly under low-light conditions. In contrast, C. carassius had minimal effects on plant growth and did not significantly interact with shading. While neither shading nor bioturbation strongly affected flowering phenology, P. clarkii tended to induce earlier flowering. These findings highlight the vulnerability of submerged macrophytes to combined light limitation and bioturbation, with invasive P. clarkii amplifying the negative effects of shading. Effective management strategies—including maintaining adequate light availability and controlling P. clarkii populations—are essential for conserving V. spinulosa and other submerged macrophytes under increasing anthropogenic pressures.