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<p>The study of environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an increasingly valuable tool for investigating and monitoring aquatic communities. However, significant gaps remain in understanding its dynamics and distribution in aquatic environments. We performed controlled experiments to investigate the vertical distribution of eDNA in a simulated lentic water column, specifically comparing the dispersion of free extracellular DNA (f-exDNA) and multi-fraction DNA. Aliquots containing f-exDNA or multi-fraction DNA from two target species (<i>Limnoperna fortunei</i> and <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) were injected at the bottom and/or surface of a 5-m experimental column. Water samples were collected at different depths over 8&#xa0;h, and target eDNA concentration was determined by qPCR, allowing the assessment of the temporal scale of eDNA diffusion, while minimizing the influence of water turbulence. f-exDNA rapidly disperses throughout the water column, becoming homogenous within 30&#xa0;min. Multi-fraction DNA exhibited slower and more complex distribution dynamics, sinking rapidly when released at the surface and rising gradually when introduced at the bottom, achieving homogenization after 8&#xa0;h, likely due to the presence of larger particles. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on DNA dispersion and provide key insights for designing field sampling strategies that account for DNA fractions and vertical dynamics.</p>

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Vertical distribution of free and multi-fraction environmental DNA in a controlled aquatic system: insights into dispersal dynamics and sampling implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Vilmar Biernaski,
  • Nathieli Cozer,
  • Aline Horodesky,
  • Paula Valeska Stica,
  • André Olivotto Agostinis,
  • Adriano Diniz Baldissera,
  • Andréia Ramos Soares Szortyka,
  • Otto Samuel Mäder Neto,
  • Marcio Roberto Pie,
  • Antonio Ostrensky,
  • Giorgi Dal Pont

摘要

The study of environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an increasingly valuable tool for investigating and monitoring aquatic communities. However, significant gaps remain in understanding its dynamics and distribution in aquatic environments. We performed controlled experiments to investigate the vertical distribution of eDNA in a simulated lentic water column, specifically comparing the dispersion of free extracellular DNA (f-exDNA) and multi-fraction DNA. Aliquots containing f-exDNA or multi-fraction DNA from two target species (Limnoperna fortunei and Oreochromis niloticus) were injected at the bottom and/or surface of a 5-m experimental column. Water samples were collected at different depths over 8 h, and target eDNA concentration was determined by qPCR, allowing the assessment of the temporal scale of eDNA diffusion, while minimizing the influence of water turbulence. f-exDNA rapidly disperses throughout the water column, becoming homogenous within 30 min. Multi-fraction DNA exhibited slower and more complex distribution dynamics, sinking rapidly when released at the surface and rising gradually when introduced at the bottom, achieving homogenization after 8 h, likely due to the presence of larger particles. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on DNA dispersion and provide key insights for designing field sampling strategies that account for DNA fractions and vertical dynamics.