Community–a Contribution to Sociological Discussion on the Basis of Ferdinand Tönnies‘s Community Concept and Hermann Schmitz’s New Phenomenology
摘要
This article endeavors to outline potential insights and impulses for the sociological debate on community arising from Hermann Schmitz’s New Phenomenology. The focus is on an examination of non-rational elements of social relationships, non-rational insofar as they do not primarily rely on an intellectual basis. The starting point of the examination is a re-reading of Ferdinand Tönnies’s seminal work Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. As a kind of sociological bridge between Tönnies and Schmitz, insights from recent sociological discussions on social phenomena as the body or emotions are used – subjects that tended to play a rather marginal part in classical sociology. Within Schmitz`s work, it is above all his concepts of situations and felt-bodily communication that prove to be significant for the sociological debate on community. The dicussion of these concepts is supplemented by findings from studies in the sociology of work that felt-bodily perception is a very relevant phenomenon in the midst of technical-functional environments and contexts. On this basis, features and specifics of communital social relationships are derived that might give new impulses for sociological debate. The paper ends with a discussion of potential threats to community in the realm of social relationships. According to Schmitz, such threats emerge from the repression of felt-bodily communication rather than from the tendency to individualization, as is often surmised.