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<p>We used structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to assess farmers’ awareness of pollinating birds in three villages adjacent to Amani Nature Reserve. We also conducted field observations of plants visited by sunbirds on forest edges and farmlands. The majority of farmers (95%) identified sunbird pollinators by traditional common names. Respondents reported limited knowledge of sunbirds as pollinators, an ecosystem service (10%). A significantly higher proportion (X2 = 14.822, df = 6, <i>p</i> = 0.022) reported an increasing trend in the sunbird population. Tourism (38.3%) was perceived as the most important benefit of sunbirds. The most commonly applied practices to promote sunbird pollinators were tree planting (37.7%), environmental conservation (26.4%), and avoiding killing sunbirds (15.1%). Given that the majority of respondents identified sunbirds by traditional names, we conclude that there is a need to promote community knowledge and awareness of the variety of sunbird pollinators, their conservation status, and their influence on crop productivity to ensure sustainable pollinator conservation.</p>

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Farmers’ Awareness and Perceptions of Sunbirds: Understanding their Importance in Pollination, Threats, and Implications for Conservation in East Usambara, Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Faith Thomas Mpondo,
  • Upendo Richard Ngoda

摘要

We used structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to assess farmers’ awareness of pollinating birds in three villages adjacent to Amani Nature Reserve. We also conducted field observations of plants visited by sunbirds on forest edges and farmlands. The majority of farmers (95%) identified sunbird pollinators by traditional common names. Respondents reported limited knowledge of sunbirds as pollinators, an ecosystem service (10%). A significantly higher proportion (X2 = 14.822, df = 6, p = 0.022) reported an increasing trend in the sunbird population. Tourism (38.3%) was perceived as the most important benefit of sunbirds. The most commonly applied practices to promote sunbird pollinators were tree planting (37.7%), environmental conservation (26.4%), and avoiding killing sunbirds (15.1%). Given that the majority of respondents identified sunbirds by traditional names, we conclude that there is a need to promote community knowledge and awareness of the variety of sunbird pollinators, their conservation status, and their influence on crop productivity to ensure sustainable pollinator conservation.