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<p>Acrylamide (ACR) is a toxic compound formed during high-temperature processing of carbohydrate-rich foods and is known to exert reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis. Olive leaf extract (OLE) possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily attributable to its polyphenolic constituents, particularly oleuropein. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of OLE against ACR-induced reproductive toxicity in male and female rats. Forty female and forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per sex per group): control, ACR (5&#xa0;mg/kg/day), OLE (250&#xa0;mg/kg/day), and ACR + OLE, administered by oral gavage for 21&#xa0;days. Body weight, estrous cycle characteristics, spermatological parameters (motility, viability, morphology, and density), histopathological alterations in ovary, uterus, and testis, and immunohistochemical expression of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Caspase-3 were evaluated. ACR exposure significantly reduced sperm motility and increased the percentages of dead and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa compared with the control group, whereas sperm density was unaffected. Histopathological examination revealed pronounced degenerative changes in ovarian, uterine, and testicular tissues in the ACR group, including vascular disruption, epithelial degeneration, and extensive vacuolization. ACR significantly increased 8-OHdG and Caspase-3 expression in reproductive tissues (<i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.01), indicating enhanced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. Co-administration of OLE markedly ameliorated these adverse effects, though testicular Caspase-3 levels were only partially restored, suggesting a tissue-specific limitation of the protective effect at the dose employed. These findings indicate that OLE exerts a significant cytoprotective effect through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, with the extent of protection varying across tissue types. Further studies incorporating a broader range of parameters and exposure conditions are needed to establish more robust evidence for the protective potential of OLE.</p>

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Olive leaf extract attenuates acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity through reduced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis associated with 8-OHdG and Caspase-3 in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Nevzat Saat,
  • Emrah Hicazi Aksu,
  • Musa Tatar,
  • Buse Öztürk,
  • Kıymet Kübra Tüfekçi

摘要

Acrylamide (ACR) is a toxic compound formed during high-temperature processing of carbohydrate-rich foods and is known to exert reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis. Olive leaf extract (OLE) possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily attributable to its polyphenolic constituents, particularly oleuropein. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of OLE against ACR-induced reproductive toxicity in male and female rats. Forty female and forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per sex per group): control, ACR (5 mg/kg/day), OLE (250 mg/kg/day), and ACR + OLE, administered by oral gavage for 21 days. Body weight, estrous cycle characteristics, spermatological parameters (motility, viability, morphology, and density), histopathological alterations in ovary, uterus, and testis, and immunohistochemical expression of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Caspase-3 were evaluated. ACR exposure significantly reduced sperm motility and increased the percentages of dead and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa compared with the control group, whereas sperm density was unaffected. Histopathological examination revealed pronounced degenerative changes in ovarian, uterine, and testicular tissues in the ACR group, including vascular disruption, epithelial degeneration, and extensive vacuolization. ACR significantly increased 8-OHdG and Caspase-3 expression in reproductive tissues (p < 0.01), indicating enhanced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. Co-administration of OLE markedly ameliorated these adverse effects, though testicular Caspase-3 levels were only partially restored, suggesting a tissue-specific limitation of the protective effect at the dose employed. These findings indicate that OLE exerts a significant cytoprotective effect through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, with the extent of protection varying across tissue types. Further studies incorporating a broader range of parameters and exposure conditions are needed to establish more robust evidence for the protective potential of OLE.