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<p>This study investigated the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), salicylic acid (SA), and kinetin (KIN) on the germination and seedling growth of <i>Sesuvium verrucosum</i> Raf. under saline stress (4.5 and 8.7 dS m⁻¹). Seeds were pretreated with hormonal solutions (5, 10, and 15&#xa0;mg L⁻¹) for 24&#xa0;h before saline exposure. Among the tested regulators, SA was the most effective, significantly enhancing germination and seedling development, followed by KIN, GA₃, and IBA. The optimal concentration across all treatments was 15&#xa0;mg L⁻¹, under both moderate (4.5 dS m⁻¹) and high (8.7 dS m⁻¹) salinity. However, at higher salinity (8.7 dS m⁻¹), the effectiveness of all regulators declined, irrespective of concentration. These findings suggest that seed priming with SA, KIN, GA₃, or IBA is a viable chemical strategy to improve germination, emergence, and establishment of <i>S. verrucosum</i> in saline environments. This approach not only enhances seedling adaptation to stress but also accelerates early growth stages.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The impact of growth regulators on Sesuvium verrucosum seedling germination and growth in saline environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Marcos Alfonso Lastiri-Hernández,
  • Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal,
  • Eloy Conde-Barajas,
  • María Luz Xochilt de la Negrete-Rodríguez,
  • Javier Pérez-Inocencio

摘要

This study investigated the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), salicylic acid (SA), and kinetin (KIN) on the germination and seedling growth of Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. under saline stress (4.5 and 8.7 dS m⁻¹). Seeds were pretreated with hormonal solutions (5, 10, and 15 mg L⁻¹) for 24 h before saline exposure. Among the tested regulators, SA was the most effective, significantly enhancing germination and seedling development, followed by KIN, GA₃, and IBA. The optimal concentration across all treatments was 15 mg L⁻¹, under both moderate (4.5 dS m⁻¹) and high (8.7 dS m⁻¹) salinity. However, at higher salinity (8.7 dS m⁻¹), the effectiveness of all regulators declined, irrespective of concentration. These findings suggest that seed priming with SA, KIN, GA₃, or IBA is a viable chemical strategy to improve germination, emergence, and establishment of S. verrucosum in saline environments. This approach not only enhances seedling adaptation to stress but also accelerates early growth stages.

Graphical abstract