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<p>Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting eggplant productivity, although the <i>Solanum</i> genus contains considerable genetic diversity that may support adaptation to water scarcity. This study evaluated 24 <i>Solanum</i> genotypes comprising 15 species under well-watered (100%) and drought stress (35%) conditions to identify promising sources of drought tolerance for eggplant breeding programs. Substantial variation was observed across physiological, biochemical and morphological traits, including osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant activity, gas exchange, pigment stability, water status and biomass production. Drought stress led to pronounced increases in proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH scavenging ability and catalase activity, while photosynthetic pigments declined. Tolerant genotypes such as <i>S. torvum</i>, <i>S. viarum</i>, <i>S. violaceum</i> and <i>S. aethiopicum</i> maintained higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, relative water content and biomass compared to susceptible genotypes including <i>S. pseudocapsicum</i> and <i>S. melongena</i>. Principal component analysis identified catalase, proline, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, root length and shoot dry weight as key traits influencing drought tolerance, explaining 80.2% of the total variation. Selection Index values ranked <i>S. torvum</i> (ST-2, ST-1) and <i>S. viarum</i> (SVM-1, SVM-2) as the most drought tolerant, while <i>S. pseudocapsicum</i> and <i>S. melongena</i> ranked lowest. These findings highlight the potential of wild <i>Solanum</i> species as valuable genetic resources for developing drought-resilient eggplant cultivars.</p>

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Differential response of wild and domesticated Solanum genotypes to water stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • P. T. K. Anagha,
  • M. Sangeeta Kutty,
  • K. Pradheep,
  • A. V. Santhoshkumar

摘要

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting eggplant productivity, although the Solanum genus contains considerable genetic diversity that may support adaptation to water scarcity. This study evaluated 24 Solanum genotypes comprising 15 species under well-watered (100%) and drought stress (35%) conditions to identify promising sources of drought tolerance for eggplant breeding programs. Substantial variation was observed across physiological, biochemical and morphological traits, including osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant activity, gas exchange, pigment stability, water status and biomass production. Drought stress led to pronounced increases in proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH scavenging ability and catalase activity, while photosynthetic pigments declined. Tolerant genotypes such as S. torvum, S. viarum, S. violaceum and S. aethiopicum maintained higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, relative water content and biomass compared to susceptible genotypes including S. pseudocapsicum and S. melongena. Principal component analysis identified catalase, proline, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, root length and shoot dry weight as key traits influencing drought tolerance, explaining 80.2% of the total variation. Selection Index values ranked S. torvum (ST-2, ST-1) and S. viarum (SVM-1, SVM-2) as the most drought tolerant, while S. pseudocapsicum and S. melongena ranked lowest. These findings highlight the potential of wild Solanum species as valuable genetic resources for developing drought-resilient eggplant cultivars.