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<p>Plant Na + /H + antiporter (<i>NHX</i>) genes enhance salt tolerance by accumulating excessive Na + ions in vacuoles or outerflux through the plasma membrane. The current study was designed with the aim of documenting comprehensive information about <i>NHX</i> in cowpea. Seven <i>VuNHX</i> genes were explored and named as <i>VuNHX</i>1<i>-VuNHX</i>7 on the basis of their order in phylogenetic tree. The protein length, isoelectric points, aliphatic index and GRAVY of all 7 proteins ranged from 527 to 1145, 5.5–9.13, 101.58–117.86 and 0.106–0.622, respectively. Deeploc based result predicted vacuole as the major residence for VuNHX proteins. Amiloride was conserved in 2nd motif of all members except <i>VuNHX7</i>. Exons′ number in <i>VuNHX</i> genes ranged from 14–23. Segmental duplication contributed 28.5% to the <i>VuNHX</i> gene family expansion. Ka/Ks ratio of paralogs revealed that they were all under purifying selection. Salt associated cis-acting elements including GT1-motif, TGACG-motif, ABRE, G-box, MBS, and TGA were detected in <i>VuNHX</i> promoters. Homology modelling result strengthened the predicted VuNHX proteins functionality because all the templates against VuNHX were Na + /H + antiporter. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of <i>VuNHX</i>1, <i>VuNHX</i>2 and <i>VuNHX</i>6 upon exposure of cowpea (Black eye Crowder genotype) to salt stress. The use of these genes is recommended for enhancing resistance of other crops against the salt stress.</p>

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Exploring Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHX) gene family across the genome of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) and its expression profiling against salt stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Arif Ullah,
  • Shoaib Ur Rehman,
  • Zamarud Shah,
  • Arshad Iqbal

摘要

Plant Na + /H + antiporter (NHX) genes enhance salt tolerance by accumulating excessive Na + ions in vacuoles or outerflux through the plasma membrane. The current study was designed with the aim of documenting comprehensive information about NHX in cowpea. Seven VuNHX genes were explored and named as VuNHX1-VuNHX7 on the basis of their order in phylogenetic tree. The protein length, isoelectric points, aliphatic index and GRAVY of all 7 proteins ranged from 527 to 1145, 5.5–9.13, 101.58–117.86 and 0.106–0.622, respectively. Deeploc based result predicted vacuole as the major residence for VuNHX proteins. Amiloride was conserved in 2nd motif of all members except VuNHX7. Exons′ number in VuNHX genes ranged from 14–23. Segmental duplication contributed 28.5% to the VuNHX gene family expansion. Ka/Ks ratio of paralogs revealed that they were all under purifying selection. Salt associated cis-acting elements including GT1-motif, TGACG-motif, ABRE, G-box, MBS, and TGA were detected in VuNHX promoters. Homology modelling result strengthened the predicted VuNHX proteins functionality because all the templates against VuNHX were Na + /H + antiporter. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of VuNHX1, VuNHX2 and VuNHX6 upon exposure of cowpea (Black eye Crowder genotype) to salt stress. The use of these genes is recommended for enhancing resistance of other crops against the salt stress.