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<p>The genetic diversity of 40 cultivated herbaceous peonies (<i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>) from Fuyang, China, was evaluated using an integrated approach combining simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and multi-year morphological trait analysis. From an initial screening of 50 SSR primer pairs using five representative cultivars, 26 polymorphic primers (52% polymorphism rate) were selected. These primers generated 135 polymorphic bands across all cultivars, with an average of 5.2 bands per primer. The SSR markers revealed a moderate genetic diversity (mean He = 0.39, PIC = 0.27), with 135 polymorphic bands generated from 26 primer pairs.Genetic similarity was calculated using Nei and Li’s coefficient. Concurrently, ten key agronomic traits were recorded over three consecutive years, and a Euclidean distance matrix was constructed from normalized phenotypic data. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on SSR data classified the cultivars into seven distinct groups, which largely aligned with known pedigrees. A Mantel test revealed a significant positive correlation between the genetic distance matrices derived from SSR markers and morphological traits (r = 0.758, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). This study demonstrates the efficacy of SSR markers for characterizing genetic diversity and elucidates the genetic structure of a regional peony collection. The findings provide a reliable molecular foundation for informed parent selection, supporting future breeding programs and the industrial development of novel peony cultivars.</p>

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Integrated assessment of genetic diversity in 40 peony cultivars from Fuyang, China insights from simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and morphological traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Xuemei Zhang,
  • Chao Lu,
  • Hongzhou Liu,
  • Zhijie Hu,
  • Zhongxuan Fu,
  • Jian Cai,
  • Gang Li

摘要

The genetic diversity of 40 cultivated herbaceous peonies (Paeonia lactiflora) from Fuyang, China, was evaluated using an integrated approach combining simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and multi-year morphological trait analysis. From an initial screening of 50 SSR primer pairs using five representative cultivars, 26 polymorphic primers (52% polymorphism rate) were selected. These primers generated 135 polymorphic bands across all cultivars, with an average of 5.2 bands per primer. The SSR markers revealed a moderate genetic diversity (mean He = 0.39, PIC = 0.27), with 135 polymorphic bands generated from 26 primer pairs.Genetic similarity was calculated using Nei and Li’s coefficient. Concurrently, ten key agronomic traits were recorded over three consecutive years, and a Euclidean distance matrix was constructed from normalized phenotypic data. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on SSR data classified the cultivars into seven distinct groups, which largely aligned with known pedigrees. A Mantel test revealed a significant positive correlation between the genetic distance matrices derived from SSR markers and morphological traits (r = 0.758, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates the efficacy of SSR markers for characterizing genetic diversity and elucidates the genetic structure of a regional peony collection. The findings provide a reliable molecular foundation for informed parent selection, supporting future breeding programs and the industrial development of novel peony cultivars.