Scholarlink

<p>DNA barcoding, introduced by Paul Hebert in 2003, has become a transformative tool in plant taxonomy, biodiversity assessment, and cultivar identification. It enables rapid and accurate species discrimination using short, standardized DNA regions, bypassing the limitations of morphological classification. Unlike in animals, plant mitochondrial genomes evolve slowly, thus&#xa0;making chloroplast and nuclear regions such as <i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i>, <i>trnH-psbA</i>, and <i>ITS</i> more suitable for barcoding. Despite the absence of a universal barcode for all plant species, combinations of these loci have demonstrated significant efficacy in identifying both inter- and intra-specific diversity. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-resolution melting (HRM), and Sanger sequencing have expanded the utility of DNA barcoding for cultivar-level resolution. Furthermore, chloroplast intergenic spacers (<i>trnE-trnT</i>, <i>rpl32-trnL</i>, <i>trnL-F</i>, and <i>ycf1</i>) have shown high discriminatory power for closely related genotypes. The selection of appropriate loci and universal primers, coupled with robust bioinformatic tools, is essential for accurate barcoding outcomes. DNA barcoding has also proven valuable in phylogenetic research, conservation biology, quality control of herbal products, and enforcement of plant breeder rights. This review consolidates the latest advancements in plant DNA barcoding, emphasizing multilocus strategies, primer optimization, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatics pipelines. It also highlights key applications in cultivar authentication and genetic passport development for agricultural germplasm collections. The integration of DNA barcoding into routine taxonomy and breeding programs is critical for protecting plant genetic resources and enhancing global food security.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Genetic fingerprints of flora: revolutionizing plant identification with DNA barcoding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

查看全文
  • Maqsooda Perveen,
  • Suhail Ashraf,
  • Khalid Z. Masoodi

摘要

DNA barcoding, introduced by Paul Hebert in 2003, has become a transformative tool in plant taxonomy, biodiversity assessment, and cultivar identification. It enables rapid and accurate species discrimination using short, standardized DNA regions, bypassing the limitations of morphological classification. Unlike in animals, plant mitochondrial genomes evolve slowly, thus making chloroplast and nuclear regions such as rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS more suitable for barcoding. Despite the absence of a universal barcode for all plant species, combinations of these loci have demonstrated significant efficacy in identifying both inter- and intra-specific diversity. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-resolution melting (HRM), and Sanger sequencing have expanded the utility of DNA barcoding for cultivar-level resolution. Furthermore, chloroplast intergenic spacers (trnE-trnT, rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, and ycf1) have shown high discriminatory power for closely related genotypes. The selection of appropriate loci and universal primers, coupled with robust bioinformatic tools, is essential for accurate barcoding outcomes. DNA barcoding has also proven valuable in phylogenetic research, conservation biology, quality control of herbal products, and enforcement of plant breeder rights. This review consolidates the latest advancements in plant DNA barcoding, emphasizing multilocus strategies, primer optimization, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatics pipelines. It also highlights key applications in cultivar authentication and genetic passport development for agricultural germplasm collections. The integration of DNA barcoding into routine taxonomy and breeding programs is critical for protecting plant genetic resources and enhancing global food security.