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<p>Bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia </i>L.) is an important Cucurbitaceous vegetable grown across the tropical and subtropical regions of India for its nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic importance. However, the cultivated bitter gourd has narrow genetic base because of the prolonged domestication and repeated selection among the available germplasm. The crop wild relatives (CWRs) of <i>Momordica</i> including <i>M. charantia</i> var. <i>muricata</i> (Willd.) Chakrav., <i>M. dioica</i> Roxb.&#xa0;ex&#xa0;Willd., <i>M. sahyadrica</i> Joseph and Antony<i>, M. subangulata</i> Kuroda and Habe, <i>M. cochinchinensis</i> (Lour.) Spreng., <i>M. balsamina </i>L., <i>M. cymbalaria </i>Hook. f., etc., possess extensive genetic diversity for biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, enhanced nutritional quality, high yielding traits, rare sex forms, unique fruit quality traits, etc. The genetic diversity of the cultivated bitter gourd can be expanded by these wild relatives. This review synthesizes current knowledge on species distribution, botanical characteristics, desirable agronomic traits and their utilization of different <i>Momordica</i> species through pre-breeding, wide hybridization, molecular markers and introgression breeding technologies. In spite of their potential, the utilization of CWRs is hindered by certain factors like reproductive barriers, linkage drag, limited genomic resources and insufficient understanding of gene to trait relationships. Advances in molecular breeding technologies, QTL mapping, speed breeding, genomics with high throughput and CRISPR/Cas mediated de novo domestication offer new opportunities to accelerate the gene mining and trait introgression from wild <i>Momordica</i> species to cultivated bitter gourd species. Strengthening conservation strategies and integrating modern genomics with conventional breeding practices will be necessary for the development of climate resilient, high yielding and nutritionally superior bitter gourd cultivars.</p>

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Utilization of crop wild relatives in genetic improvement of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • S. Devi,
  • R. Neelavathi,
  • C. Indu Rani,
  • R. Kalaiyarasi,
  • K. Gurusamy

摘要

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an important Cucurbitaceous vegetable grown across the tropical and subtropical regions of India for its nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic importance. However, the cultivated bitter gourd has narrow genetic base because of the prolonged domestication and repeated selection among the available germplasm. The crop wild relatives (CWRs) of Momordica including M. charantia var. muricata (Willd.) Chakrav., M. dioica Roxb. ex Willd., M. sahyadrica Joseph and Antony, M. subangulata Kuroda and Habe, M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng., M. balsamina L., M. cymbalaria Hook. f., etc., possess extensive genetic diversity for biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, enhanced nutritional quality, high yielding traits, rare sex forms, unique fruit quality traits, etc. The genetic diversity of the cultivated bitter gourd can be expanded by these wild relatives. This review synthesizes current knowledge on species distribution, botanical characteristics, desirable agronomic traits and their utilization of different Momordica species through pre-breeding, wide hybridization, molecular markers and introgression breeding technologies. In spite of their potential, the utilization of CWRs is hindered by certain factors like reproductive barriers, linkage drag, limited genomic resources and insufficient understanding of gene to trait relationships. Advances in molecular breeding technologies, QTL mapping, speed breeding, genomics with high throughput and CRISPR/Cas mediated de novo domestication offer new opportunities to accelerate the gene mining and trait introgression from wild Momordica species to cultivated bitter gourd species. Strengthening conservation strategies and integrating modern genomics with conventional breeding practices will be necessary for the development of climate resilient, high yielding and nutritionally superior bitter gourd cultivars.