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<p>Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) is a major fiber crop worldwide, and ensuring compatibility of germplasm with mechanized production systems has become particularly critical for modern production. This study aimed to characterize morpho-physiological traits, yield components, and fiber quality traits in a diverse set of 26 cotton accessions from the INTA germplasm bank, representing multiple geographic origins. Morphological descriptors, yield and fiber traits, and phenological parameters were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and multivariate analyses (PCA and hierarchical clustering) were applied to explore diversity patterns. Eight contrasting accessions were further analyzed for biomass partitioning, reproductive retention, and physiological traits (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content). Results revealed significant variation among accessions, with SP-41255 exhibiting superior yield-related traits (seed cotton yield, lint yield, lint percentage and boll number), while BGSP-00166 showed advantages in fiber quality (length, strength and uniformity) and compact plant architecture. Biomass allocation patterns highlighted genotypic differences in source–sink relationships, and reproductive retention varied significantly among accessions, influencing yield stability. PCA confirmed divergence between SP-41255 and BGSP-00166, suggesting their potential as complementary parents for breeding populations. Overall, the integration of morpho-physiological characterization with yield and fiber quality evaluation provides a robust framework for identifying promising parental candidates adapted to mechanized systems with suitability for high plant density.</p>

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Morpho-physiological and fiber quality characterization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm to identify parental lines for breeding adapted to mechanized production systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Pablo Nahuel Dileo,
  • Gonzalo Joel Scarpin,
  • Antonela Estefanía Cereijo,
  • Fernando Gabriel Lorenzini,
  • Roxana Andrea Roeschlin,
  • Horacio Martín Winkler,
  • Robertino José Muchut,
  • Gustavo Rubén Rodríguez,
  • Marcelo Javier Paytas

摘要

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major fiber crop worldwide, and ensuring compatibility of germplasm with mechanized production systems has become particularly critical for modern production. This study aimed to characterize morpho-physiological traits, yield components, and fiber quality traits in a diverse set of 26 cotton accessions from the INTA germplasm bank, representing multiple geographic origins. Morphological descriptors, yield and fiber traits, and phenological parameters were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and multivariate analyses (PCA and hierarchical clustering) were applied to explore diversity patterns. Eight contrasting accessions were further analyzed for biomass partitioning, reproductive retention, and physiological traits (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content). Results revealed significant variation among accessions, with SP-41255 exhibiting superior yield-related traits (seed cotton yield, lint yield, lint percentage and boll number), while BGSP-00166 showed advantages in fiber quality (length, strength and uniformity) and compact plant architecture. Biomass allocation patterns highlighted genotypic differences in source–sink relationships, and reproductive retention varied significantly among accessions, influencing yield stability. PCA confirmed divergence between SP-41255 and BGSP-00166, suggesting their potential as complementary parents for breeding populations. Overall, the integration of morpho-physiological characterization with yield and fiber quality evaluation provides a robust framework for identifying promising parental candidates adapted to mechanized systems with suitability for high plant density.