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<p>Asparagine synthetase (ASN) plays a crucial role in plant nitrogen metabolism. However, research on the <i>ASN</i> gene family in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is still limited compared to those in other major crops. Using a homology-based approach, we identified the <i>ASN</i> gene family members across the entire wheat genome and performed a systematic comparative analysis. In total, 17 wheat <i>ASN</i> (<i>TaASN</i>) genes were identified in the Chinese spring (CS) genome, designated <i>Ta1AL-ASN-1</i> to <i>Ta5DL-ASN-17</i>, which were localized to 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the <i>TaASN</i> genes into four distinct evolutionary subgroups (Group I–IV), thus suggesting functional divergence within the family. Ka/Ks values indicated that these genes have undergone strong purifying selection. Members within the same clade showed high conservation in gene structure and motif composition, while their promoter regions were enriched in cis-acting elements related to growth, development, and stress responses. Gene ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction analyses indicated a key role for <i>TaASN</i> genes in asparagine biosynthesis. Expression profiling further showed that several members, including <i>Ta5AL-ASN-13</i>, <i>Ta5BL-ASN-15</i>, and <i>Ta5DL-ASN-17</i>, are induced by diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, exhibiting distinct expression patterns depending on stress type and treatment. The homologs <i>Ta5AL-ASN-13</i>, <i>Ta5BL-ASN-15</i>, and <i>Ta5DL-ASN-17</i> exhibited 60, 109, and 29 haplotypes, respectively, in an analysis of 1,754 accessions from the Wheat Union Database. Our findings establish a framework for elucidating the biological functions of <i>TaASN</i> genes and identifying stress-responsive modules within nitrogen metabolic networks. These regulators represent promising candidates for precision breeding through reverse genetics strategies such as gene editing, RNAi, or VIGS.</p>

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Comprehensive analysis of the asparagine synthetase (ASN) gene family in common wheat suggests stress-responsive candidates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Xiaojing Shan,
  • Tairui Lu,
  • Yuchao Fan,
  • Ao Li,
  • Yun Wang,
  • Daxing Xu,
  • Han Gong,
  • Yuanyuan Guan,
  • Puwen Song,
  • Haili Sun,
  • Dongfang Li,
  • Shengli Zhang

摘要

Asparagine synthetase (ASN) plays a crucial role in plant nitrogen metabolism. However, research on the ASN gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is still limited compared to those in other major crops. Using a homology-based approach, we identified the ASN gene family members across the entire wheat genome and performed a systematic comparative analysis. In total, 17 wheat ASN (TaASN) genes were identified in the Chinese spring (CS) genome, designated Ta1AL-ASN-1 to Ta5DL-ASN-17, which were localized to 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the TaASN genes into four distinct evolutionary subgroups (Group I–IV), thus suggesting functional divergence within the family. Ka/Ks values indicated that these genes have undergone strong purifying selection. Members within the same clade showed high conservation in gene structure and motif composition, while their promoter regions were enriched in cis-acting elements related to growth, development, and stress responses. Gene ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction analyses indicated a key role for TaASN genes in asparagine biosynthesis. Expression profiling further showed that several members, including Ta5AL-ASN-13, Ta5BL-ASN-15, and Ta5DL-ASN-17, are induced by diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, exhibiting distinct expression patterns depending on stress type and treatment. The homologs Ta5AL-ASN-13, Ta5BL-ASN-15, and Ta5DL-ASN-17 exhibited 60, 109, and 29 haplotypes, respectively, in an analysis of 1,754 accessions from the Wheat Union Database. Our findings establish a framework for elucidating the biological functions of TaASN genes and identifying stress-responsive modules within nitrogen metabolic networks. These regulators represent promising candidates for precision breeding through reverse genetics strategies such as gene editing, RNAi, or VIGS.