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<p>The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutritional variability in <i>Vigna stipulacea</i> (pillipesara), an orphan crop. To make a comparative assessment of nutritional status and to identify superior traits the representative cultivars or prominent germplasm collections of related <i>Vigna</i> crops viz. <i>V. radiata</i> (green gram), <i>V. mungo</i> (black gram), and <i>V</i>. <i>umbellata</i> (rice bean) were examined. Analysis of variance showed a high variability among the investigated accessions. Furthermore, the results showed that different species of the <i>Vigna</i> genus contain crude protein (19.2–33.9%), total sugar (0.28–9.3%), available starch (1.67–22%), total phenols (1.71–3.36%), and antioxidants (0.03–1.1&#xa0;mmol Fe<sup>2</sup>+/g). Notably, <i>V. stipulacea</i> accession IC-550532 exhibited the highest protein content (33.89%), while accessions such as IC-550525 and IC-550524 recorded the highest sugar levels (&gt; 8%), and IC-553512 showed high starch content (20.5%) with strong antioxidant activity. Among urdbeans, KU-6 (30.5%) contains higher protein concentration, while in ricebeans, PRR-1 (28.7%), and in mungbeans, Sikha (25.4%) are rich in proteins. Among these three species of <i>Vigna</i>,&#xa0;mungbeans were found to be rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (0.06–1.1&#xa0;mmol Fe<sup>2</sup>+/g), while Chait Mung was found to be highest in antioxidants (1.1&#xa0;mmol Fe<sup>2</sup>+/g) followed by IC-553507 (<i>V. stipulacea</i>). Significant positive correlations were observed between protein and starch (r = 0.74), and protein and sugar (r = 0.79), indicating the potential for simultaneous trait improvement. Principal component analysis shows that component 1 has the highest variation percentage (54.6%). Clustering revealed that IC-553512 and IPU-2-43 are the farthest placed germplasm, followed by IC-553564 and PRR-2007-2, having the highest diversity in their nutritional profiling. The diversity observed highlights the potential of <i>V. stipulacea</i> as a valuable genetic resource. Its superior nutritional profile including high protein, sugar, starch, and antioxidant content makes it a strong candidate for biofortification and breeding programs. These findings also support the domestication and utilization of <i>V. stipulacea</i> as a sustainable, protein-rich crop to combat protein-energy malnutrition and enhance food security. Additionally, its unique sugar and starch profile suggests potential for use in functional and industrial food applications.</p>

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Nutritional variability in Vigna stipulacea (pillipesara), an orphan crop: a comparison with representative prominent germplasm of Vigna crops viz. V. radiata, V. mungo and V. umbellata

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Gayacharan,
  • Ragini Bhardwaj,
  • Kamla Venkteshwaran,
  • Saman Saim Rahman,
  • Nand Lal Meena,
  • Sapna Langyan

摘要

The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutritional variability in Vigna stipulacea (pillipesara), an orphan crop. To make a comparative assessment of nutritional status and to identify superior traits the representative cultivars or prominent germplasm collections of related Vigna crops viz. V. radiata (green gram), V. mungo (black gram), and V. umbellata (rice bean) were examined. Analysis of variance showed a high variability among the investigated accessions. Furthermore, the results showed that different species of the Vigna genus contain crude protein (19.2–33.9%), total sugar (0.28–9.3%), available starch (1.67–22%), total phenols (1.71–3.36%), and antioxidants (0.03–1.1 mmol Fe2+/g). Notably, V. stipulacea accession IC-550532 exhibited the highest protein content (33.89%), while accessions such as IC-550525 and IC-550524 recorded the highest sugar levels (> 8%), and IC-553512 showed high starch content (20.5%) with strong antioxidant activity. Among urdbeans, KU-6 (30.5%) contains higher protein concentration, while in ricebeans, PRR-1 (28.7%), and in mungbeans, Sikha (25.4%) are rich in proteins. Among these three species of Vigna, mungbeans were found to be rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (0.06–1.1 mmol Fe2+/g), while Chait Mung was found to be highest in antioxidants (1.1 mmol Fe2+/g) followed by IC-553507 (V. stipulacea). Significant positive correlations were observed between protein and starch (r = 0.74), and protein and sugar (r = 0.79), indicating the potential for simultaneous trait improvement. Principal component analysis shows that component 1 has the highest variation percentage (54.6%). Clustering revealed that IC-553512 and IPU-2-43 are the farthest placed germplasm, followed by IC-553564 and PRR-2007-2, having the highest diversity in their nutritional profiling. The diversity observed highlights the potential of V. stipulacea as a valuable genetic resource. Its superior nutritional profile including high protein, sugar, starch, and antioxidant content makes it a strong candidate for biofortification and breeding programs. These findings also support the domestication and utilization of V. stipulacea as a sustainable, protein-rich crop to combat protein-energy malnutrition and enhance food security. Additionally, its unique sugar and starch profile suggests potential for use in functional and industrial food applications.