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<p>This study investigated the adaptability and genetic diversity of 197 groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) genotypes, comprising 128 local and 69 exotic accessions, through morphological characterization and multivariate statistical analyses. Field trials were conducted over two consecutive years (2021 and 2022), and 15 agro-morphological traits were assessed. Descriptive statistics revealed extensive phenotypic variation, with fold-differences ranging from 1.9 (pod width) to 18.3 (pod yield). Hierarchical clustering grouped the diversity panel into four major clusters, including a distinct outgroup of 18 genotypes, indicating the presence of unique germplasm. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among yield-related traits, such as yield, pod length, and pod width. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between vegetative and reproductive traits, particularly between plant height and total pod length, suggesting resource allocation trade-offs. Heatmap visualization confirmed substantial phenotypic diversity, with yield-associated traits exhibiting the greatest variation. PCA further revealed clear clustering patterns based on testa color (red, pink, pale pink, purple, variegated red, and variegated pink), with pink and variegated pink testa genotypes prominently aligning along high-yield vectors. Overall, this study highlights a broad genetic base and considerable phenotypic diversity within the groundnut diversity panel, underscoring its potential value for genetic improvement in breeding programs. Several accessions, including 10AK002, PG-1221 (NARC-2021), and BARI-2011, exhibited favorable traits and broad adaptability across diverse agro-climatic zones.</p>

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Characterization and diversity of indigenous and exotic groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions adapted to agro-ecological conditions in Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Muhammad Jahanzaib,
  • Haris Khurshid,
  • Ihsanullah Khan,
  • Awais Rasheed

摘要

This study investigated the adaptability and genetic diversity of 197 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes, comprising 128 local and 69 exotic accessions, through morphological characterization and multivariate statistical analyses. Field trials were conducted over two consecutive years (2021 and 2022), and 15 agro-morphological traits were assessed. Descriptive statistics revealed extensive phenotypic variation, with fold-differences ranging from 1.9 (pod width) to 18.3 (pod yield). Hierarchical clustering grouped the diversity panel into four major clusters, including a distinct outgroup of 18 genotypes, indicating the presence of unique germplasm. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among yield-related traits, such as yield, pod length, and pod width. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between vegetative and reproductive traits, particularly between plant height and total pod length, suggesting resource allocation trade-offs. Heatmap visualization confirmed substantial phenotypic diversity, with yield-associated traits exhibiting the greatest variation. PCA further revealed clear clustering patterns based on testa color (red, pink, pale pink, purple, variegated red, and variegated pink), with pink and variegated pink testa genotypes prominently aligning along high-yield vectors. Overall, this study highlights a broad genetic base and considerable phenotypic diversity within the groundnut diversity panel, underscoring its potential value for genetic improvement in breeding programs. Several accessions, including 10AK002, PG-1221 (NARC-2021), and BARI-2011, exhibited favorable traits and broad adaptability across diverse agro-climatic zones.