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<p>Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) is a crucial oilseed crop known for its nutritional, therapeutic, and economic value. Despite its importance, sesame remains an under-researched “orphan” crop. The production and productivity of sesame are constrained by the lack of high-yielding, stress-resistant, and locally adapted cultivars. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate 220 indigenous and exotic sesame accessions for their morpho-physiological traits and assess genetic diversity to identify superior genotypes for future breeding programs. The experiment was conducted over two Kharif seasons (2023–2024) using an augmented randomized complete block design (Augmented RCBD). Two hundred twenty test genotypes and five check cultivars were evaluated for 27 morphological and agronomic traits. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution (for qualitative traits), analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and genetic variability estimates. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for plant height, number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant and test weight. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for these traits, indicating substantial genetic control. PCA and cluster analysis identified yield per plant, number of capsules, test weight, plant height, and seeds per capsule as the principal components of phenotypic variation. Several genotypes outperformed the check cultivars across all traits, demonstrating high yield potential and adaptability. The substantial variation among accessions suggests the presence of desirable genotypes for future breeding. Key traits such as plant height, capsule number, and seed yield exhibited high heritability, making them suitable for selection. The superior genotypes identified can be utilized in breeding programs to develop high-yielding, stress-resilient sesame cultivars. EC-376978 and IC-73163 exhibited determinate growth, which could reduce harvesting losses due to seed shattering.</p>

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Morpho-physiological characterization and phenotypic diversity analysis of indigenous and exotic sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Avtar Singh,
  • Puneet Walia,
  • Sanjeet Singh Sandal,
  • Sunny Sharma,
  • Shubham Gopera,
  • Aniket Bunjkar

摘要

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a crucial oilseed crop known for its nutritional, therapeutic, and economic value. Despite its importance, sesame remains an under-researched “orphan” crop. The production and productivity of sesame are constrained by the lack of high-yielding, stress-resistant, and locally adapted cultivars. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate 220 indigenous and exotic sesame accessions for their morpho-physiological traits and assess genetic diversity to identify superior genotypes for future breeding programs. The experiment was conducted over two Kharif seasons (2023–2024) using an augmented randomized complete block design (Augmented RCBD). Two hundred twenty test genotypes and five check cultivars were evaluated for 27 morphological and agronomic traits. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution (for qualitative traits), analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and genetic variability estimates. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for plant height, number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant and test weight. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for these traits, indicating substantial genetic control. PCA and cluster analysis identified yield per plant, number of capsules, test weight, plant height, and seeds per capsule as the principal components of phenotypic variation. Several genotypes outperformed the check cultivars across all traits, demonstrating high yield potential and adaptability. The substantial variation among accessions suggests the presence of desirable genotypes for future breeding. Key traits such as plant height, capsule number, and seed yield exhibited high heritability, making them suitable for selection. The superior genotypes identified can be utilized in breeding programs to develop high-yielding, stress-resilient sesame cultivars. EC-376978 and IC-73163 exhibited determinate growth, which could reduce harvesting losses due to seed shattering.