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<p>Landraces possess a significant pool of genetic diversity that could serve as an excellent source for wheat improvement programs. However, we can only fully utilize this potential once we gather and assess genetic resources from unexplored areas. So, we made an attempt to collect and preserve unique and untapped genetic variation in landraces of these areas that contribute significantly to wheat advancement. A total of 110 wheat genotypes were evaluated in four cropping seasons, including 104 landraces and six improved cultivars using an 11 × 10 alpha lattice design with three replications. Significant differences were observed between the mean values of all the genotypes. It is anticipated that all studied quantitative traits can be enhanced by 8–58% over improved cultivars by selecting and utilizing the top 5% of landraces. Principal component analysis exhibited 75.62% of the total variance after retaining the first four principal components (PCs). Days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, and seed yield per plant were the major contributors towards variation in the first and second PCs. The genotypes were grouped into six different clusters (C-I = 30.00%, C-II = 6.36%, C-III = 20.00%, C-IV = 8.18%, C-V = 16.36%, and C-VI = 19.09%) based on 10 quantitative traits with significant inter-cluster distances. This clearly showed that this germplasm possesses ample genetic diversity&#xa0;that can be exploited for the future wheat improvement program. This emphasizes the need for maintaining and harnessing untapped genetic resources, which may lead to breakthroughs in addressing food security issues and promising sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Harnessing genetic diversity in himalayan wheat landraces: implications for yield and resilience in breeding programs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月19日

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  • Kulveer Singh Dhillon,
  • Harinder K. Chaudhary,
  • V. K. Sood,
  • Shubham Verma,
  • Khushwinder Kaur,
  • Nimit Kumar

摘要

Landraces possess a significant pool of genetic diversity that could serve as an excellent source for wheat improvement programs. However, we can only fully utilize this potential once we gather and assess genetic resources from unexplored areas. So, we made an attempt to collect and preserve unique and untapped genetic variation in landraces of these areas that contribute significantly to wheat advancement. A total of 110 wheat genotypes were evaluated in four cropping seasons, including 104 landraces and six improved cultivars using an 11 × 10 alpha lattice design with three replications. Significant differences were observed between the mean values of all the genotypes. It is anticipated that all studied quantitative traits can be enhanced by 8–58% over improved cultivars by selecting and utilizing the top 5% of landraces. Principal component analysis exhibited 75.62% of the total variance after retaining the first four principal components (PCs). Days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, and seed yield per plant were the major contributors towards variation in the first and second PCs. The genotypes were grouped into six different clusters (C-I = 30.00%, C-II = 6.36%, C-III = 20.00%, C-IV = 8.18%, C-V = 16.36%, and C-VI = 19.09%) based on 10 quantitative traits with significant inter-cluster distances. This clearly showed that this germplasm possesses ample genetic diversity that can be exploited for the future wheat improvement program. This emphasizes the need for maintaining and harnessing untapped genetic resources, which may lead to breakthroughs in addressing food security issues and promising sustainable agricultural practices.