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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), commonly referred to as corn&#xa0;in the USA, is a cereal crop with the highest genetic yield potential and adequate diversity in the primary gene pool, supported by diverse forms of its wild relatives. Wild relatives of maize serve as distinct allelic variants capable of enhancing the performance of their domesticated counterparts to mitigate yield plateaus and address current and emerging biotic and abiotic challenges. <i>Zea nicaraguensis,</i> a wild relative of maize indigenous to the lowlands of Nicaragua, thrives in flood-prone regions. This species can form aerenchyma, even in non-flooded soils, develop a radial oxygen loss barrier, and produce adventitious roots near the soil surface during flooding events. After multiple genetic investigations, various quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits have been identified and mapped in the genome. Despite its potential as a promising genetic resource, <i>Z. nicaraguensis</i> has not been subjected to thorough and comprehensive investigations and consequently remains underutilized. The floral structure and crossing behavior suggest the use of maize as the seed parent and Nicaraguan teosinte as the pollen parent for the initiation of an effective introgression/pre-breeding program. In backcross breeding, maize lines must serve as seed parents for an optimized backcross population. To minimize the introgression of undesirable genes from Nicaraguan teosinte, the integration of advanced breeding techniques during the introgression/enhancement program is essential. By elucidating recent research findings and identifying research gaps and future research directions, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how <i>Zea nicaraguensis</i> can be used to address current challenges in maize cultivation.</p>

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Deciphering the potential Zea nicaraguensis for addressing yield plateau in maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • Priya Garkoti,
  • Velmurugan Senthilkumar,
  • Thotla Naresh,
  • Sachin Prakash,
  • T. V. Anirudh,
  • Mayank Tiwari,
  • Kamlesh Kumar,
  • Narendra Kumar Singh

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.), commonly referred to as corn in the USA, is a cereal crop with the highest genetic yield potential and adequate diversity in the primary gene pool, supported by diverse forms of its wild relatives. Wild relatives of maize serve as distinct allelic variants capable of enhancing the performance of their domesticated counterparts to mitigate yield plateaus and address current and emerging biotic and abiotic challenges. Zea nicaraguensis, a wild relative of maize indigenous to the lowlands of Nicaragua, thrives in flood-prone regions. This species can form aerenchyma, even in non-flooded soils, develop a radial oxygen loss barrier, and produce adventitious roots near the soil surface during flooding events. After multiple genetic investigations, various quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits have been identified and mapped in the genome. Despite its potential as a promising genetic resource, Z. nicaraguensis has not been subjected to thorough and comprehensive investigations and consequently remains underutilized. The floral structure and crossing behavior suggest the use of maize as the seed parent and Nicaraguan teosinte as the pollen parent for the initiation of an effective introgression/pre-breeding program. In backcross breeding, maize lines must serve as seed parents for an optimized backcross population. To minimize the introgression of undesirable genes from Nicaraguan teosinte, the integration of advanced breeding techniques during the introgression/enhancement program is essential. By elucidating recent research findings and identifying research gaps and future research directions, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Zea nicaraguensis can be used to address current challenges in maize cultivation.