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<p><i>Juniperus oxycedrus</i> L. subsp. <i>oxycedrus</i> is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants found in Moroccan forest ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of 11 wild populations of this species, collected from various geographical locations across Morocco. The genetic diversity of the collected populations was assessed using 14 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, widely adopted in the literature. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 46.23% of genetic variability existed within populations, while 53.77% occurred&#xa0;among&#xa0;populations. The studied populations exhibited high genetic differentiation (FST = 0.46), likely due to the very low gene flow, estimated at 0.29. The hierarchical AMOVA did not show significant genetic differentiation among the studied populations grouped according to mountain ranges (FCT = − 0.007), bioclimatic conditions (FCT = − 0.04), and altitude differences (FCT = -0.083). Moreover, no correlation was found between genetic distances among populations and geographical distances (r = − 0.226, <i>P</i> = 0.099) or altitude (r = − 0.121, <i>P</i> = 0.381). This finding indicates that factors other than geographical distance and altitude, such as historical events (e.g. colonization events), gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal, and local adaptation to specific environmental conditions, could have more significant roles in shaping the observed genetic structure of these populations. According to cluster analysis, the principal coordinate analysis, and Bayesian structure, the 11 populations were divided into two genetic clusters, independently of their geographic origin. These findings can inform ex-situ conservation efforts, such as seed banks and genebanks, by ensuring that representative samples from both clusters are collected and preserved.</p>

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The genetic diversity of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus populations in Morocco-North Africa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Imane Neg,
  • Youssef Khachtib,
  • Said Bouda,
  • Abdelmajid Haddioui

摘要

Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants found in Moroccan forest ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of 11 wild populations of this species, collected from various geographical locations across Morocco. The genetic diversity of the collected populations was assessed using 14 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, widely adopted in the literature. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 46.23% of genetic variability existed within populations, while 53.77% occurred among populations. The studied populations exhibited high genetic differentiation (FST = 0.46), likely due to the very low gene flow, estimated at 0.29. The hierarchical AMOVA did not show significant genetic differentiation among the studied populations grouped according to mountain ranges (FCT = − 0.007), bioclimatic conditions (FCT = − 0.04), and altitude differences (FCT = -0.083). Moreover, no correlation was found between genetic distances among populations and geographical distances (r = − 0.226, P = 0.099) or altitude (r = − 0.121, P = 0.381). This finding indicates that factors other than geographical distance and altitude, such as historical events (e.g. colonization events), gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal, and local adaptation to specific environmental conditions, could have more significant roles in shaping the observed genetic structure of these populations. According to cluster analysis, the principal coordinate analysis, and Bayesian structure, the 11 populations were divided into two genetic clusters, independently of their geographic origin. These findings can inform ex-situ conservation efforts, such as seed banks and genebanks, by ensuring that representative samples from both clusters are collected and preserved.