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<p>Asteraceae, the largest family of Pakistan and Kashmir is represented by 162 genera and 708 species (excluding introduced and cultivated species). <i>Taraxacum</i> is the largest genus with 96 species (including apomicts), followed by <i>Cousinia</i> (44 spp.), <i>Saussurea</i> (29 spp.) and <i>Artemisia</i> (25 spp.). The distribution pattern of Asteraceae in Pakistan and Kashmir has been discussed within the broad framework of four phytogeographical regions of the country, namely Irano-Turanian, Sino-Japanese, Saharo-Sindian and Indian regions. Uniregional, biregional and pluriregional elements are also recognized. Among the uniregional elements, Irano-Turanian element (38.5%) is the most dominant element, followed by Sino-Japanese (34.18%), Saharo-Sindian (7.7%), Indian (3.1%). The biregional elements represent Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean (3.5%), Irano-Turanian–Saharo-Sindian (2.7%), Irano-Turanian–Sino-Japanese (2.5%) and Saharo-Sindian–Indian (1.4%) elements. <i>Spiroseris,</i> the only monotypic genus is endemic to Pakistan. Whereas, 76 species distributed in 29 genera, representing 10.17% taxa of Asteraceae are endemic to Pakistan and Kashmir. <i>Taraxacum</i> has the highest number of endemic species (35 spp.), followed by <i>Melanoseris</i> (5 spp.) and <i>Tanacetum</i> (4 spp.). Most of these endemic species are restricted to high mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan, Kashmir and Northern Baluchistan. Endemism was comparatively less at lower elevations. Almost half of the endemic species (48.6%) were restricted to the Irano-Turanian region, followed by the Sino-Japanese region (35.5%), the Saharo-Sindian region (5.26%) and the Indian region (2.6%). Hemicryptophyte was the most dominant life form (49.9%), followed by Chaemophytes (25.1%) and Therophytes (22.5%). Hemicryptophytes were almost equally distributed in Irano-Turanian and Sino-Japanese regions. The highest number of Therophytes were present in the Irano-Turanian region.</p>

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Asteraceae in Pakistan and Kashmir with special emphasis on distribution pattern and endemism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Muhammad Qaiser,
  • Anjum Perveen,
  • Jan Alam,
  • Haidar Ali,
  • Roohi Abid

摘要

Asteraceae, the largest family of Pakistan and Kashmir is represented by 162 genera and 708 species (excluding introduced and cultivated species). Taraxacum is the largest genus with 96 species (including apomicts), followed by Cousinia (44 spp.), Saussurea (29 spp.) and Artemisia (25 spp.). The distribution pattern of Asteraceae in Pakistan and Kashmir has been discussed within the broad framework of four phytogeographical regions of the country, namely Irano-Turanian, Sino-Japanese, Saharo-Sindian and Indian regions. Uniregional, biregional and pluriregional elements are also recognized. Among the uniregional elements, Irano-Turanian element (38.5%) is the most dominant element, followed by Sino-Japanese (34.18%), Saharo-Sindian (7.7%), Indian (3.1%). The biregional elements represent Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean (3.5%), Irano-Turanian–Saharo-Sindian (2.7%), Irano-Turanian–Sino-Japanese (2.5%) and Saharo-Sindian–Indian (1.4%) elements. Spiroseris, the only monotypic genus is endemic to Pakistan. Whereas, 76 species distributed in 29 genera, representing 10.17% taxa of Asteraceae are endemic to Pakistan and Kashmir. Taraxacum has the highest number of endemic species (35 spp.), followed by Melanoseris (5 spp.) and Tanacetum (4 spp.). Most of these endemic species are restricted to high mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan, Kashmir and Northern Baluchistan. Endemism was comparatively less at lower elevations. Almost half of the endemic species (48.6%) were restricted to the Irano-Turanian region, followed by the Sino-Japanese region (35.5%), the Saharo-Sindian region (5.26%) and the Indian region (2.6%). Hemicryptophyte was the most dominant life form (49.9%), followed by Chaemophytes (25.1%) and Therophytes (22.5%). Hemicryptophytes were almost equally distributed in Irano-Turanian and Sino-Japanese regions. The highest number of Therophytes were present in the Irano-Turanian region.