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<p>Studying genetic diversity in diploid and triploid <i>Musa</i> is important for using genetic resources in advance agriculture. Banana is one of the most valuable cash crops with high nutrition value as food. The states of North-East India have a substantial quantity of undiscovered genomic diversity. A thorough morphological and karyotype analysis were performed on eight seeded diploid and non-seeded triploid genotypes of <i>Musa acuminata</i> Colla. Morphological index of studied banana following Simmond and Shepherd’s 14 taxonomic parameters revealed significant genetic variability with ‘BhimKol’ and ‘SitaKol’ as out group. Wild seeded diploid ‘Kali’ and ‘Chanbi’ found lineage with triploid non-seeded cultivated ‘Malbhog’ and ‘Dhirmanikol’. This study offers the first documentation of new chromosomal numbers in four diploid (‘Kali’, ‘SitaKol’, ‘Chanbi’, ‘BhimKol’; 2<i>n</i> = 22) and rest four triploid cultivars. All genotypes have significant variation with karyotype formula having more median constricted chromosomes. Variations were noted in the length of the chromosomes: ‘SitaKol’ measured 0.51&#xa0;µm, whereas ‘JahajiKol’ measured 1.14&#xa0;µm. The average length of chromosomes per genome varied between 1.21&#xa0;μm in ‘Malbhog’ and 2.48&#xa0;μm in ‘JahajiKol’. It was pragmatic that the wild species’ karyotype was more symmetrical than the farmed cultivars. All cultivars displayed considerable karyotype asymmetry as per 12 distinct inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry indicators. ‘BhimKol’ showed lowest chromosomal asymmetry as compared to ‘SitaKol’ having 2<i>n</i> = 22. Morphological characters grouped ‘SitaKol’ and ‘BhimKol’ as out group keeping triploid ‘DhirmaniKol’ and ‘Malbhog’ in a single group with more genetic affinity. Based on PCA analysis, wild ‘SitaKol’ was categorized as an outgroup, creating Cluster-I, while the remaining varieties formed Cluster-II. But the six other cultivars in Sub-Cluster-II were divided by the farmed ‘DhirmoniKol’, which created Sub-Cluster-I. ‘BhimKol’ (2<i>n</i>) and ‘Malbhog’ (3<i>n</i>) of Sub-Cluster-II had a distant genetic link, whereas the remaining triploid cultivars shown tight affinity, maintaining diploid Kali’s wild heritage as suggested by genetically distinct cultivars.</p>

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Morphological index and karyotype asymmetry of eight seeded diploid and non-seeded triploid banana (Musa acuminata Colla.) from North-East India revealed genomic variability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月18日

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  • Subrat Kumar Dehery,
  • Runi Panda,
  • Debanjali Saikia,
  • Bhaben Tanti,
  • Anath Bandhu Das

摘要

Studying genetic diversity in diploid and triploid Musa is important for using genetic resources in advance agriculture. Banana is one of the most valuable cash crops with high nutrition value as food. The states of North-East India have a substantial quantity of undiscovered genomic diversity. A thorough morphological and karyotype analysis were performed on eight seeded diploid and non-seeded triploid genotypes of Musa acuminata Colla. Morphological index of studied banana following Simmond and Shepherd’s 14 taxonomic parameters revealed significant genetic variability with ‘BhimKol’ and ‘SitaKol’ as out group. Wild seeded diploid ‘Kali’ and ‘Chanbi’ found lineage with triploid non-seeded cultivated ‘Malbhog’ and ‘Dhirmanikol’. This study offers the first documentation of new chromosomal numbers in four diploid (‘Kali’, ‘SitaKol’, ‘Chanbi’, ‘BhimKol’; 2n = 22) and rest four triploid cultivars. All genotypes have significant variation with karyotype formula having more median constricted chromosomes. Variations were noted in the length of the chromosomes: ‘SitaKol’ measured 0.51 µm, whereas ‘JahajiKol’ measured 1.14 µm. The average length of chromosomes per genome varied between 1.21 μm in ‘Malbhog’ and 2.48 μm in ‘JahajiKol’. It was pragmatic that the wild species’ karyotype was more symmetrical than the farmed cultivars. All cultivars displayed considerable karyotype asymmetry as per 12 distinct inter- and intra-chromosomal asymmetry indicators. ‘BhimKol’ showed lowest chromosomal asymmetry as compared to ‘SitaKol’ having 2n = 22. Morphological characters grouped ‘SitaKol’ and ‘BhimKol’ as out group keeping triploid ‘DhirmaniKol’ and ‘Malbhog’ in a single group with more genetic affinity. Based on PCA analysis, wild ‘SitaKol’ was categorized as an outgroup, creating Cluster-I, while the remaining varieties formed Cluster-II. But the six other cultivars in Sub-Cluster-II were divided by the farmed ‘DhirmoniKol’, which created Sub-Cluster-I. ‘BhimKol’ (2n) and ‘Malbhog’ (3n) of Sub-Cluster-II had a distant genetic link, whereas the remaining triploid cultivars shown tight affinity, maintaining diploid Kali’s wild heritage as suggested by genetically distinct cultivars.