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<p>Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.), plays a vital role in worldwide production of edible oil. An important pre-breeding step necessary for crop development is evaluating diversity at the morphological and molecular level. This research evaluated 50 groundnut genotypes for biometric traits during the <i>rabi</i> (December 2023–March 2024). The molecular diversity was evaluated using 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Subpopulations I and II had a net nucleotide distance of 0.32, indicating different levels of genetic divergence. Heterozygosity was highest in subpopulation II (0.38) and lowest in subpopulation I, which also had a low fixation index (Fst = 0.35). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were utilized to assess morphological diversity, aiding in the grouping of genotypes and the selection of parents for breeding programs. About 74.45% of the total variation was explained by first four components. The 50 genotypes were divided into two clusters through cluster analysis, reflecting their genetic diversity. This grouping was further supported by principal coordinate analysis, 22.64% of the total variation was accounted by first three coordinates. Genotypes COG0537, COG18032, and COG18040 were selected as potential parents for augmenting oil content and yield in groundnut breeding programs. Additionally, the genotype COG15033 was identified as a high-yielding line with a significant oleic acid content. The selection of SSR markers for characterizing genotypes and identification of varied parental lines for breeding operations are both greatly aided by these findings.</p>

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Genetic diversity and oleic acid profiling of groundnut germplasm through phenotypic and molecular characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Anvesh Ellandula,
  • R Kalaiyarasi,
  • R Sasikala,
  • B Rajagopal,
  • D Amirtham,
  • M Senthivelu

摘要

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), plays a vital role in worldwide production of edible oil. An important pre-breeding step necessary for crop development is evaluating diversity at the morphological and molecular level. This research evaluated 50 groundnut genotypes for biometric traits during the rabi (December 2023–March 2024). The molecular diversity was evaluated using 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Subpopulations I and II had a net nucleotide distance of 0.32, indicating different levels of genetic divergence. Heterozygosity was highest in subpopulation II (0.38) and lowest in subpopulation I, which also had a low fixation index (Fst = 0.35). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were utilized to assess morphological diversity, aiding in the grouping of genotypes and the selection of parents for breeding programs. About 74.45% of the total variation was explained by first four components. The 50 genotypes were divided into two clusters through cluster analysis, reflecting their genetic diversity. This grouping was further supported by principal coordinate analysis, 22.64% of the total variation was accounted by first three coordinates. Genotypes COG0537, COG18032, and COG18040 were selected as potential parents for augmenting oil content and yield in groundnut breeding programs. Additionally, the genotype COG15033 was identified as a high-yielding line with a significant oleic acid content. The selection of SSR markers for characterizing genotypes and identification of varied parental lines for breeding operations are both greatly aided by these findings.