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<p>Active plate boundaries, namely mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults, are the sites of dynamic processes involving earthquakes and volcanism. Fundamental open questions about these systems often involve melt storage and geometry or the role of fluids, for instance, in modulating slip behavior on faults. Because electromagnetic (EM) data are highly sensitive to conductive fluids within relatively more resistive crustal and mantle rocks, marine EM methods are an ideal geophysical tool for studying these systems. Since the last review on this topic 13&#xa0;years ago, the marine EM geophysics community has made pivotal progress in data acquisition and modeling, which, in turn, have sparked an abundance of novel discoveries in the realm of marine tectonics. Improvements to existing ocean bottom electromagnetometer pools and the advent of new instruments for controlled-source EM investigations combined with funding support for larger scale surveys have led to the amassing of datasets that can provide more detailed constraints on subsurface resistivity than ever before. Coupled with increased computing power and the development of sophisticated codes that can perform two- and three-dimensional inversion of marine EM data, the complexity of Earth’s resistivity structure beneath ocean basins can be characterized more completely than was previously possible. This review will highlight contributions to the plate tectonics framework from recent marine EM studies.</p>

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Insights on Marine Tectonophysics from Recent Marine Electromagnetic Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Christine Chesley

摘要

Active plate boundaries, namely mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults, are the sites of dynamic processes involving earthquakes and volcanism. Fundamental open questions about these systems often involve melt storage and geometry or the role of fluids, for instance, in modulating slip behavior on faults. Because electromagnetic (EM) data are highly sensitive to conductive fluids within relatively more resistive crustal and mantle rocks, marine EM methods are an ideal geophysical tool for studying these systems. Since the last review on this topic 13 years ago, the marine EM geophysics community has made pivotal progress in data acquisition and modeling, which, in turn, have sparked an abundance of novel discoveries in the realm of marine tectonics. Improvements to existing ocean bottom electromagnetometer pools and the advent of new instruments for controlled-source EM investigations combined with funding support for larger scale surveys have led to the amassing of datasets that can provide more detailed constraints on subsurface resistivity than ever before. Coupled with increased computing power and the development of sophisticated codes that can perform two- and three-dimensional inversion of marine EM data, the complexity of Earth’s resistivity structure beneath ocean basins can be characterized more completely than was previously possible. This review will highlight contributions to the plate tectonics framework from recent marine EM studies.