<p>Women in Nigeria face persistent health vulnerabilities shaped by socio-economic disadvantage, limited education, and uneven access to maternal health services. Existing studies often focus on single outcomes, limiting the understanding of compounded spatial vulnerability. This study develops a multidimensional Women’s Health Vulnerability Index (WHVI) to identify and map areas of compounded disadvantage. The study uses WorldPop (2021) gridded datasets comprising six indicators spanning socio-economic, educational, service utilisation, and accessibility dimensions to represent multiple aspects of women’s health vulnerability in Nigeria. Weighted indicators were combined to construct the WHVI, which was mapped in a GIS framework, and hotspot analysis identified spatial clusters of high vulnerability. The WHVI was evaluated using sensitivity analysis, structural comparison, and conceptual plausibility checks to assess its stability and consistency with patterns reported in the literature. Results show that Northern states, particularly in the North West and North East, exhibit very high vulnerability, with 18.5% of national raster cells classified in this category. Key drivers include low maternal education, household poverty, and limited antenatal and postnatal care. Sensitivity analysis indicates stability under ± 20% weight perturbations, with 94.9% of cells retaining their vulnerability class, while structural comparison indicates 82.3% alignment with an equal-weight index. Hotspot patterns are consistent with documented women’s health disparities, supporting the plausibility and consistency of the WHVI. The WHVI provides a spatially explicit measure of women’s health vulnerability, highlighting regions requiring urgent, targeted interventions and informing evidence-based policy and resource allocation.</p>