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<p>Carbonate-rich marl soils are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions and are frequently considered for use in geoenvironmental barrier systems. However, their long-term mechanical stability and hydraulic performance under thermal loading remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the coupled engineering and microstructural response of carbonate-rich marl soils subjected to high-temperature stabilization in the range of 25–900&#xa0;°C. A comprehensive experimental program, including Atterberg limits, particle size analysis, mass loss, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), hydraulic conductivity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was conducted. The results indicate a critical transformation temperature near 700&#xa0;°C, at which UCS increased to 2716 kPa (approximately 39 times higher than that of untreated soil), while hydraulic conductivity decreased to 1.63 × 10<sup>–10</sup> m/s. These improvements are interpreted to be associated with clay dehydroxylation and the possible formation of calcium-rich cementitious reaction products under the investigated laboratory conditions. At temperatures above 800&#xa0;°C, carbonate decomposition and porous phase formation led to strength deterioration and permeability increase. Based on the combined mechanical, hydraulic, and mineralogical evidence, an optimal thermal activation window for marl soils is identified. The findings demonstrate promising short-term laboratory hydraulic and mechanical performance, suggesting the potential of thermally activated carbonate-rich marl for future geoenvironmental barrier applications.</p>

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Thermal Activation of Carbonate-Rich Marl Soils for Low-Permeability Barrier Applications: A Coupled Engineering and Microstructural Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Mohammad Amiri,
  • Fatemeh Porhonar,
  • Maedeh Papi

摘要

Carbonate-rich marl soils are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions and are frequently considered for use in geoenvironmental barrier systems. However, their long-term mechanical stability and hydraulic performance under thermal loading remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the coupled engineering and microstructural response of carbonate-rich marl soils subjected to high-temperature stabilization in the range of 25–900 °C. A comprehensive experimental program, including Atterberg limits, particle size analysis, mass loss, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), hydraulic conductivity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was conducted. The results indicate a critical transformation temperature near 700 °C, at which UCS increased to 2716 kPa (approximately 39 times higher than that of untreated soil), while hydraulic conductivity decreased to 1.63 × 10–10 m/s. These improvements are interpreted to be associated with clay dehydroxylation and the possible formation of calcium-rich cementitious reaction products under the investigated laboratory conditions. At temperatures above 800 °C, carbonate decomposition and porous phase formation led to strength deterioration and permeability increase. Based on the combined mechanical, hydraulic, and mineralogical evidence, an optimal thermal activation window for marl soils is identified. The findings demonstrate promising short-term laboratory hydraulic and mechanical performance, suggesting the potential of thermally activated carbonate-rich marl for future geoenvironmental barrier applications.