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<p>The design of retaining structures for deep excavations adjacent to existing buried structures, known as confined excavations, presents significant challenges in determining earth pressures due to complex soil-structure interactions under wall movements. This study develops a CPTU-informed unified earth pressure model specifically tailored for confined excavations in soft soils, integrating four critical factors: soil parameter changes induced by excavations, wall movements and design parameters, narrow backfill spaces, and soil arching effects. The model was first validated against 1g/<i>n</i>g model tests and subsequently applied to a real-world confined excavation project, where extensive CPTU testing was conducted, and wall deflections and earth pressures were monitored. The results show that confined excavations significantly increase the overconsolidation ratios and earth pressure coefficients for soils below the excavation base, which should be considered in the determination of earth pressures. Comparisons between predicted and measured earth pressures demonstrate strong agreement, further validating the applicability of the proposed model.</p>

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CPTU-Informed Unified Earth Pressure Model for Confined Excavations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月19日

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  • Fengwen Lai,
  • Songyu Liu,
  • Guojun Cai,
  • Jim Shiau,
  • Hongjiang Li,
  • Wei Duan

摘要

The design of retaining structures for deep excavations adjacent to existing buried structures, known as confined excavations, presents significant challenges in determining earth pressures due to complex soil-structure interactions under wall movements. This study develops a CPTU-informed unified earth pressure model specifically tailored for confined excavations in soft soils, integrating four critical factors: soil parameter changes induced by excavations, wall movements and design parameters, narrow backfill spaces, and soil arching effects. The model was first validated against 1g/ng model tests and subsequently applied to a real-world confined excavation project, where extensive CPTU testing was conducted, and wall deflections and earth pressures were monitored. The results show that confined excavations significantly increase the overconsolidation ratios and earth pressure coefficients for soils below the excavation base, which should be considered in the determination of earth pressures. Comparisons between predicted and measured earth pressures demonstrate strong agreement, further validating the applicability of the proposed model.