<p>Accurate prediction of water inflow and external water pressure is critical for the safe and economical design and construction of tunnels in water-rich strata. However, a significant gap remains in the integration of excavation-induced damage effects and the development of analytical solutions that encompass both circumferential flow (2D) and flow towards the advancing tunnel face (3D). This study bridges this gap by developing a comprehensive set of analytical solutions for steady-state seepage fields, explicitly incorporating the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). For the 2D circumferential seepage, analytical solutions are derived for tunnels under three radial grouting conditions: no grouting, incomplete grouting, and complete grouting, using the axisymmetrization method. The applicability of the Equivalent Perimeter Method (EPM) and Equivalent Area Method (EAM) for converting non-circular tunnels into equivalent circles is examined. For the 3D seepage towards the tunnel face, a hemispherical flow model is adopted to derive analytical solutions for three analogous face grouting scenarios. Furthermore, novel Equivalent Spherical Area and Volume Methods are proposed to handle non-spherical grouting bodies at the tunnel face. The derived solutions are validated against numerical simulations (ABAQUS), showing excellent agreement with a maximum error of less than 10%. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the EDZ significantly increases water inflow, with the most pronounced effect observed before initial support installation. Crucially, optimal design parameters for both radial and face grouting are identified: a relative grouting permeability of 100 and a relative grouting thickness for radial of 1.0. This research provides a robust and unified theoretical foundation for predicting and controlling seepage in tunnels.</p>

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Analytical Solutions for Integrated 2D Circumferential and 3D Face Seepage in Tunnels with Excavation-Induced Damage

  • Qi-Wu Jiang,
  • Zhi-Jie Chen,
  • Jing-Ke Lu,
  • Hao-Jie Wang,
  • Peng-an Lai

摘要

Accurate prediction of water inflow and external water pressure is critical for the safe and economical design and construction of tunnels in water-rich strata. However, a significant gap remains in the integration of excavation-induced damage effects and the development of analytical solutions that encompass both circumferential flow (2D) and flow towards the advancing tunnel face (3D). This study bridges this gap by developing a comprehensive set of analytical solutions for steady-state seepage fields, explicitly incorporating the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). For the 2D circumferential seepage, analytical solutions are derived for tunnels under three radial grouting conditions: no grouting, incomplete grouting, and complete grouting, using the axisymmetrization method. The applicability of the Equivalent Perimeter Method (EPM) and Equivalent Area Method (EAM) for converting non-circular tunnels into equivalent circles is examined. For the 3D seepage towards the tunnel face, a hemispherical flow model is adopted to derive analytical solutions for three analogous face grouting scenarios. Furthermore, novel Equivalent Spherical Area and Volume Methods are proposed to handle non-spherical grouting bodies at the tunnel face. The derived solutions are validated against numerical simulations (ABAQUS), showing excellent agreement with a maximum error of less than 10%. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the EDZ significantly increases water inflow, with the most pronounced effect observed before initial support installation. Crucially, optimal design parameters for both radial and face grouting are identified: a relative grouting permeability of 100 and a relative grouting thickness for radial of 1.0. This research provides a robust and unified theoretical foundation for predicting and controlling seepage in tunnels.