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<p>In modern infrastructure, tunnels play a vital role in ensuring safe and reliable transportation, especially in challenging ground conditions. Most commonly adopted tunnel geometries include circular, horse-shoe, D-shaped and square cross-sections. The present study examines the comparative seismic behavior of tunnels with varying shapes using finite element modeling. Nine distinct ground motions were utilized to evaluate the seismic response of the tunnels in terms of forces and deformations in the tunnel lining. Furthermore, to investigate the damage potential of various earthquakes, a novel Impact Index was proposed. The results obtained from the proposed index were in well accordance with the tunnel response. Despite regular shape in circular tunnels, four critical locations were determined where the forces were accumulated. The circular shape having constant curvature and free from sharp turns was determined to be most suitable. Other shapes experienced enhanced forces at the tunnel lining owing to the&#xa0;presence of sharp turns or changes in curvature. Nevertheless, as per field applicability for transportation, the horse-shoe shape can be considered the best one offering maximum area of utilization and limited accumulation of forces.</p>

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Effects of Ground Motion Characteristics on the Seismic Response of Rock Tunnels with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Shantanu Saraswat,
  • B. K. Maheshwari

摘要

In modern infrastructure, tunnels play a vital role in ensuring safe and reliable transportation, especially in challenging ground conditions. Most commonly adopted tunnel geometries include circular, horse-shoe, D-shaped and square cross-sections. The present study examines the comparative seismic behavior of tunnels with varying shapes using finite element modeling. Nine distinct ground motions were utilized to evaluate the seismic response of the tunnels in terms of forces and deformations in the tunnel lining. Furthermore, to investigate the damage potential of various earthquakes, a novel Impact Index was proposed. The results obtained from the proposed index were in well accordance with the tunnel response. Despite regular shape in circular tunnels, four critical locations were determined where the forces were accumulated. The circular shape having constant curvature and free from sharp turns was determined to be most suitable. Other shapes experienced enhanced forces at the tunnel lining owing to the presence of sharp turns or changes in curvature. Nevertheless, as per field applicability for transportation, the horse-shoe shape can be considered the best one offering maximum area of utilization and limited accumulation of forces.