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<p>Though the batter pile is a prospective solution under lateral loading, its performance in slope still lacks clarity. This study aims to investigate the performance of single piles with batter angles ranging from −10° to + 10° in a sandy soil slope with a height of 15.9&#xa0;m and a slope angle of 30°. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are developed considering an advanced hardening constitutive model, and nonlinear analyses are conducted for lateral loading and real earthquake time histories. The lateral load-carrying capacity of the piles with different batter angles is compared with the vertical pile for installation on level ground and on the slope with different relative densities (i.e., 30%, 50%, and 70%). Further, the effects of pile positioning (crest, middle, and toe) on the slope are investigated. It is observed that the lateral capacity of piles reduces for their placement in the crest and middle of the slope by more than 60% compared to the level ground, whereas the lateral capacity of piles placed at the toe of a slope varies by about 20%. Finally, the seismic performance of batter piles is compared for a sandy soil slope under five earthquake time histories with notably varying characteristics. Negative batter piles are found to be performing better than the vertical piles, and the reduction in bending moment by about 10% is observed for the placement at the crest and the middle of the slope, whereas the variation for piles at the toe is about 18% compared to the vertical piles.</p>

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Behavior of Batter Piles in Sandy Slopes Under Lateral and Seismic Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Shankar Kumar,
  • Rajib Sarkar,
  • Lohitkumar Nainegali

摘要

Though the batter pile is a prospective solution under lateral loading, its performance in slope still lacks clarity. This study aims to investigate the performance of single piles with batter angles ranging from −10° to + 10° in a sandy soil slope with a height of 15.9 m and a slope angle of 30°. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are developed considering an advanced hardening constitutive model, and nonlinear analyses are conducted for lateral loading and real earthquake time histories. The lateral load-carrying capacity of the piles with different batter angles is compared with the vertical pile for installation on level ground and on the slope with different relative densities (i.e., 30%, 50%, and 70%). Further, the effects of pile positioning (crest, middle, and toe) on the slope are investigated. It is observed that the lateral capacity of piles reduces for their placement in the crest and middle of the slope by more than 60% compared to the level ground, whereas the lateral capacity of piles placed at the toe of a slope varies by about 20%. Finally, the seismic performance of batter piles is compared for a sandy soil slope under five earthquake time histories with notably varying characteristics. Negative batter piles are found to be performing better than the vertical piles, and the reduction in bending moment by about 10% is observed for the placement at the crest and the middle of the slope, whereas the variation for piles at the toe is about 18% compared to the vertical piles.