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<p>Ferrochrome slag (FCS) has attracted interest as a sustainable alternative to natural granular materials. However, its use as a foundation bed material requires evaluation of its material properties and bearing behavior. This study investigates the bearing response of FCS supporting a rectangular footing through experimental and numerical approaches. The physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of FCS were examined to assess its suitability for foundation applications. Laboratory model tests were performed at a loose relative density of 30% under vertical static loading on unreinforced and geosynthetic-reinforced FCS beds. Geogrid and nonwoven geotextile reinforcements were arranged in one, two, and three layers using consistent geometric configurations. Numerical analyses using PLAXIS-3D were conducted to reproduce the experimental response and examine reinforcement mechanisms. The results show that geosynthetic reinforcement significantly enhances the ultimate bearing capacity of FCS beds. Experimental improvements reached 39.3% for a three-layer geogrid and 128.3% for a three-layer geotextile relative to the unreinforced condition. Numerical analyses showed good agreement with experimental results and indicated that bearing improvement is governed by axial force mobilization, with the upper reinforcement layer playing a dominant role. The findings demonstrate the influence of reinforcement type and configuration on the bearing behavior of FCS as a reinforced foundation bed material.</p>

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Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Ferrochrome Slag as a Sustainable Foundation Bed Under Rectangular Footings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Manal Alali,
  • Bandita Paikaray,
  • Benu Gopal Mohapatra

摘要

Ferrochrome slag (FCS) has attracted interest as a sustainable alternative to natural granular materials. However, its use as a foundation bed material requires evaluation of its material properties and bearing behavior. This study investigates the bearing response of FCS supporting a rectangular footing through experimental and numerical approaches. The physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of FCS were examined to assess its suitability for foundation applications. Laboratory model tests were performed at a loose relative density of 30% under vertical static loading on unreinforced and geosynthetic-reinforced FCS beds. Geogrid and nonwoven geotextile reinforcements were arranged in one, two, and three layers using consistent geometric configurations. Numerical analyses using PLAXIS-3D were conducted to reproduce the experimental response and examine reinforcement mechanisms. The results show that geosynthetic reinforcement significantly enhances the ultimate bearing capacity of FCS beds. Experimental improvements reached 39.3% for a three-layer geogrid and 128.3% for a three-layer geotextile relative to the unreinforced condition. Numerical analyses showed good agreement with experimental results and indicated that bearing improvement is governed by axial force mobilization, with the upper reinforcement layer playing a dominant role. The findings demonstrate the influence of reinforcement type and configuration on the bearing behavior of FCS as a reinforced foundation bed material.